广西温带和热带血缘玉米品种表型鉴定及综合分析  

Phenotypic Identification and Comprehensive Analysis of Maize Varieties with Temperate and Tropical Blood in Guangxi

作　　者：钟昌松[1,2] 范继征[1] 吕巨智[1] 石达金[1] 卢生乔[1] 弓雪 陈坤[1] 刘亚利[1] 闫飞燕[1] 程伟东[1] 张述宽[2] ZHONG Chang-song;FAN Ji-zheng;Lü Ju-zhi;SHI Da-jin;LU Sheng-qiao;GONG Xue;CHEN Kun;LIU Ya-li;YAN Fei-yan;CHENG Wei-dong;ZHANG Shu-kuan(Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第3期478-486,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系南宁综合试验站项目(CARS-02-77);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西玉米创新团队首席专家项目(nycytxgxcxtd-04-01);广西创新发展专项项目(桂科AA17204049-3,桂科AA17204050-5)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析温热带血缘玉米品种的多样性和类群结构,探索不同血缘玉米品种性状间的互补性,为广西玉米种质资源的创新利用提供参考依据。【方法】采用裂区设计,以密度为主处理、品种为副处理,对购自广西45份玉米品种资源的全生育期、株高和千粒重等21个性状指标进行聚类分析,综合评价不同温热带血缘玉米品种的差异和优势特点。【结果】不同温热带血缘玉米品种株高、千粒重和产量等13个数量性状的多样性较丰富,多样性指数介于1.68~2.07;品种间遗传多样性较丰富,共得到138个变异,平均遗传丰富度为6.57。聚类分析结果可将45份品种资源划分为2类,分类结果与品种审定的生态区域和系谱来源关联性较大,可分别定性为偏热带品种和偏温带品种。基于聚类分析结果的表型性状差异分析结果表明,偏热带品种的优势性状是株高、穗位高、行粒数、穗长和抗病性,偏温带品种的优势性状是茎粗、穗粗和行数。主要农艺性状的相关性分析结果表明,偏热带品种产量表现优于偏温带品种与其株高和穗位高极显著高于偏温带品种有关;增加种植密度,偏温带品种可表现出耐密稳产特性。【结论】广西玉米品种资源多样性较丰富,偏热带品种和偏温带品种各有值得借鉴和利用的优良性状和特点,可研究吸收其优良性状进行表型互补,以提高广西玉米品种的高产潜力。【Objective】By analyzing the diversity and group structure of maize varieties with temperate and tropical blood,and exploring the complementarity between the traits of varieties with different blood relatives,the purpose is to provide references for the innovative utilization of maize germplasm resources in Guangxi.【Method】Split block design was used with density as main treatment and variety as secondary treatment,and 45 maize varieties in Guangxi were analyzed.The 21 characters such as whole growth period,plant height and 1000-grain weight of maize were analyzed by cluster,and phenotypic differences and correlation analysis were carried out according to cluster grouping results,the objective is to evaluate the differences and advantages of maize varieties with temperate and tropical blood comprehensively.【Result】The diversities of 13 quantitative traits such as plant height,1000-grain weight and yield of varieties were rich,and the diversity index ranged from 1.68 to 2.07.There were 138 variations among maize varieties,with an average genetic richness of 6.57.The results of cluster analysis could be divided into two categories,and the classification results were closely related to the ecological region and pedigree source of variety,which could be classified as tropical and temperate varieties respectively.The difference analysis of phenotypic traits based on cluster grouping results showed that the dominant traits of the tropical varieties were plant height,ear height,grain number per row,ear length and disease resistance,while those of the temperate varieties were stem diameter,ear diameter and row number.The correlation analysis of main agronomic traits showed that the yield performance of tropical varieties was better than that of temperate varieties,which was related to plant height and spike height with extremely significant height.And with the increase of planting density,the temperate varieties showed the characteristics of high density and stable yield.【Conclusion】The genetic diversity o

关 键 词：玉米 品种资源 表型鉴定 多样性 综合分析 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]