朱鹮圈养种群与野外重引入种群行为差异研究  

Behavioral Differences Between Captive and Reintroduced Populations of Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)

作　　者：邱国强 付春正 张睿灿 万秋红[2] 方盛国[2] QIU Guoqiang;FU Chunzheng;ZHANG Ruican;WAN Qiuhong;Fang Shengguo(Deqing Research Centre of Rare Wild Animals,Zhejiang,Deqing,313200,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis&Protection,State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife,College of life Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310058,China)

机构地区：[1]德清县珍稀野生动物繁育研究中心,德清313200 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,生命系统稳态与保护教育部重点实验室,国家濒危野生动植物种质基因保护中心,杭州310058

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2020年第2期376-386,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503200);国家林业与草原局专项资金;中央直属高校基本科研业务费。

摘　　要：2014年12月—2015年9月、2016年3月—6月,采用扫描观察法结合焦点动物观察法交替对德清圈养朱鹮种群和野外重引入种群的朱鹮个体进行行为观察和记录,按照朱鹮行为的功能和目的共计描述定义朱鹮行为8类55种,其中停歇行为4种、警戒行为4种、整理行为10种、运动行为3种、社会行为8种、繁殖行为12种、觅食行为7种、刻板行为7种。比较圈养朱鹮种群和野外重引入朱鹮种群的行为差异发现:圈养朱鹮种群傍晚飞至夜宿栖杠和清晨飞离夜宿栖杠时的光照强度显著低于野外重引入朱鹮种群傍晚飞至夜宿栖树和清晨飞离夜宿栖树时的光照强度(P<0.01);圈养朱鹮种群和野外重引入朱鹮种群在行为类别时间分配上具有显著差异(P<0.01),圈养朱鹮种群的停歇行为、繁殖行为均显著多于野外重引入朱鹮种群,而警戒行为、社会行为和觅食行为则显著少于野外重引入朱鹮种群(P<0.01);圈养朱鹮种群和野外重引入朱鹮种群的整理行为的日节律高峰均发生在7:00—8:00和14:00—15:00,而相比圈养朱鹮种群,野外重引入朱鹮种群表现出较多的觅食行为的日节律高峰。这些结果表明:德清野外重引入朱鹮种群通过改变各行为类型的时间分配和日节律,已经开始逐步适应野外复杂的生存环境。本研究对继续进行朱鹮野外重引入,改善朱鹮圈养环境以及更好地保护朱鹮具有重要意义。We observed and recorded behaviors of captive and reintroduced populations of crested ibis(Nipponia nippon)in Deqing,Zhejiang Province by the method of scan sampling and focal animal sampling during the period from December 2014 to September 2015,and from March to June 2016.Based on apparent function and purpose,we defined and described 55 behaviors in 8 categories(including 4 resting behaviors,4 vigilant behaviors,10 maintenance behaviors,3 locomotive behaviors,8 social behaviors,12 reproductive behaviors,7 foraging behaviors and 7 stereotypic behaviors).The light intensity when ibis flew to the night-roost at nightfall and away from the night-roost in the morning was significantly lower for the captive population than for the reintroduced population(P<0.01).Behavioral time budgets also differed between the captive and reintroduced populations(P<0.01).Time devoted to resting and reproductive behaviors of the captive population was significantly greater than that of the reintroduced population(P<0.01).Time devoted to vigilance,social behaviors and foraging of the captive population was significantly less than that of the reintroduced population(P<0.01).The peaks of daily maintenance behaviors of the captive and reintroduced populations occurred at 7:00-8:00 hrs and 14:00-15:00 hrs.The reintroduced population showed more peaks of daily foraging behaviors.These results indicate that the reintroduced population of crested ibis has gradually begun to adapt to the complexities of live in the wild by adjusting time allocated to various behaviors.This study has important significance to reintroduce the crested ibis into the wild once more and improve captive conditions,and protect this species better.

关 键 词：朱鹮 行为 圈养 重引入 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]