焦作市大气污染时空分布特征及来源分析  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Potential Source of Atmospheric Pollution in Jiaozuo City

作　　者：王刘铭 王西岳 王明仕[5] 喻国强 刘晓咏 王自发[1,2,8] 潘小乐 WANG Liuming;WANG Xiyue;WANG Mingshi;YU Guoqiang;LIU Xiaoyong;WANG Zifa;PAN Xiaole(Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Nanchang Meteorological Burean,Nanchang 330038,China;Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Jiaozuo 454003,China;Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China;Jiaozuo City Ecological Environment Bureau,Jiaozuo 454002,China;Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;Center for Excellence in Innovation in Regional Atmospheric Environment Research,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南昌市气象局,江西南昌330038 [4]焦作市生态环境监测中心,河南焦作454003 [5]河南理工大学,河南焦作454003 [6]焦作市生态环境局,河南焦作454002 [7]中国科学院城市环境研究所,福建厦门361021 [8]中国科学院城市环境研究所,区域大气环境研究卓越创新中心,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第4期820-830,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.DQGG0304)。

摘　　要：焦作市是京津冀地区“2+26”通道城市之一.为研究焦作市大气污染特征,于2016年1月—2018年2月使用3个国控站点(马村区生态环境局、焦作市生态环境局和高新区政府)大气环境监测数据,以及2018年1月焦作市边界站PM2.5及其化学组分(水溶性离子和碳组分)监测数据进行分析.结果显示:焦作市大气污染以PM2.5污染为主,2017年ρ(NO2)、ρ(PM2.5)、ρ(PM10)、ρ(CO)和ρ(SO2)平均值分别为42.4μg/m^3、79.0μg/m^3、136.5μg/m^3、1.42 mg/m^3和38.3μg m^3,较2016年分别下降了10.5%、10.6%、11.2%、20.7%和37.6%.在时间分布上,大气污染物质量浓度日变化具有明显的季节性特征,春、夏两季ρ(NO2)日变化较秋、冬两季呈更宽的“U型”,ρ(SO2)峰值出现在12:00左右,推测原因与夜间高架源排放有关;在空间分布上,本地一次污染排放可能主要来自市区工地扬尘、西南地区交通源和东部污染点源.观测期间,ρ(NO3^-)、ρ(NH4^+)和ρ(SO4^2-)较高,平均值分别为39.42、23.66和23.01μg/m^3,分别占水溶性离子质量浓度的41.8%、25.1%和24.4%,占ρ(PM2.5)的27.4%、16.4%和16.0%.污染天的NOR(氮转化率)(0.35)和SOR(硫转化率)(0.43)明显高于清洁天的NOR(0.25)和SOR(0.18),表明污染天NO2和SO2二次转化程度更高.SOR和NOR随相对湿度的增加而增加,表明相对湿度较高时有利于NO2和SO2的二次转化.污染天和清洁天ρ(SOC)(SOC为二次有机碳)估算值分别为19.79和3.51μg/m^3,分别占ρ(OC)的79.4%和54.9%,占ρ(PM2.5)的9.8%和10.4%,表明焦作市SOC对OC有较大的贡献.PSCF(潜在源贡献因子法)结果表明,本地源是影响焦作市秋、冬两季PM2.5的主要潜在源,太行山南麓区域输送也对其有一定贡献.研究显示,焦作市大气污染较严重,本地一次排放、二次转化和区域输送是焦作市PM2.5的主要来源.Jiaozuo City is one of the‘2+26’corridor cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.Atmospheric pollutants data and PM2.5 chemical components data wereused to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution and potential sources in Jiaozuo City.The results showed that the air pollution in Jiaozuo City was dominated by PM2.5.ρ(NO2),ρ(PM2.5),ρ(PM10),ρ(CO)andρ(SO2)in 2017,which were 42.4μg/m^3,79.0μg m^3,136.5μg m 3,1.42 mg/m^3 and 38.3μg/m^3,respectively.They decreased by 10.5%,10.6%,11.2%,20.7%and 37.6%,respectively,compared to that of 2016.In terms of temporal distribution,the daily variation of the pollutants showed seasonal variations.The daily variation ofρ(NO2)exhibited a‘U-shape’pattern which was much wider in spring and summer than that in autumn and winter.The peak ofρ(SO2)at around 12:00 might be related to the emissions from elevated source at night.In terms of spatial distribution,the local primary pollutants were mainly from urban fugitive dust from construction,traffic emission in the southwest and industry-related point sources in the east of the city.During the research period,NO3^-,NH4^+and SO4^2-were the main ions with mass concentration of 39.42,23.66 and 23.01μg/m^3,respectively,which accounted for 41.8%,25.1%and 24.4%of the total ions and 27.4%,16.4%and 16.0%ofρ(PM2.5).The sulfur oxidation ratios(SOR)and the nitrogen oxidation ratios(NOR)in polluted days were 0.35 and 0.43,respectively,which was higher than those in the clean days with a value of 0.25 and 0.18,indicating that secondary transformations of NO2 and SO2 were more significant in polluted days.SOR and NOR increased with the increasing relative humidity,suggesting that higher relative humidity was favorable to the secondary transformation of NO2 and SO2.The mass concentration of secondary organic carbon(SOC)in polluted days and clean days were estimated to be 19.79 and 3.51μg m 3,accounting for 79.4%and 54.9%ofρ(OC),9.8%and 10.4%ofρ(PM2.5),indicating that SOC contributed greatly to OC in Jiaozuo City.The results

关 键 词：大气污染 PM2.5 时空分布 化学成分 潜在来源 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]