闽江河口养虾塘养殖期和非养殖期CO2通量变化特征  

Temporal Variation of Carbon Dioxide Flux between Farming and Non-Farming Stages in the Land-Based Shrimp Pond in the Min River Estuary

作　　者：赵光辉 杨平[1,2,3] 谭立山 张逸飞[1] 吴玥 仝川 ZHAO Guanghui;YANG Ping;TAN Lishan;ZHANG Yifei;WU Yue;TONG Chuan(School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-Tropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350007 [2]福建师范大学亚热带湿地研究中心,福建福州350007 [3]湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建福州350007

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第4期949-957,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41671088,41801070)。

摘　　要：为揭示河口区陆基养虾塘从养殖期到非养殖期一年间的CO2通量变化,以福建省闽江河口鳝鱼滩陆基养虾塘为研究对象,于2016年5月—2017年3月采用悬浮箱静态箱-气相色谱法对养虾塘养殖期水-大气界面和非养殖期沉积物-大气界面白天CO2垂直通量进行原位观测.结果表明:①养虾塘在整个研究期间CO2通量变化范围为-62.87~162.81 mg/(m^2·h),平均值为(42.66±18.12)mg/(m^2·h),总体上表现为大气CO2的释放源,且呈非养殖期CO2通量平均值〔(78.51±16.61)mg/(m^2·h)〕显著高于养殖期〔(17.98±18.26)mg/(m^2·h)〕的特征.②养殖期间,养虾塘CO2通量呈“排放-吸收”交替变化的特征,而非养殖期养虾塘一直是大气CO 2的净排放源.③养虾塘养殖期CO2通量时间变化特征主要受到ρ(DOC)(DOC为总溶解有机碳)、ρ(SO4^2-)、ρ(Cl^-)、盐度、pH、ρ(Chla)(Chla为叶绿素a)的影响,其中,pH和ρ(SO4^2-)是其主要影响因子,而ρ(TDN)(TDN为总溶解氮)、ρ(TDP)(TDP为总溶解磷)、ρ(SO4^2-)对非养殖期CO2通量时间变化影响较大.研究显示,滨海陆基养殖塘是大气CO2的重要来源,其排放通量多低于河流、水库等水生生态系统,但高于湖泊生态系统;养殖塘CO2通量受人为影响明显,其较高的变异性与养殖生物、饲料投放以及浮游藻类有关.Coastal land-based aquaculture ponds are special artificially managed aquatic ecosystem in the world.However,the temporal variation and the change in source and sink function of the CO2 fluxes in the coastal shrimp ponds during the farming phase and non-farming phase have not been clarified.The CO 2 fluxes at the water-atmosphere interface during the farming phase and at the sediment-atmosphere interface during the non-farming phase in a land-based shrimp pond were measured by the static chamber and floating chamber method from May 2016 to March 2017 in the Shanyutan of the Min River estuary,southeast China.The CO2 flux of the shrimp pond ranged from-62.87 to 162.81 mg/(m^2·h)at annual scale,with a mean value of(42.66±18.12)mg/(m^2·h).The shrimp pond was a source of atmospheric CO2.Moreover,the CO 2 flux during the non-farming phase((78.51±16.61)m/g(m^2·h))was significantly higher than that in the farming phase((17.98±18.26)mg/(m^2·h)).During the culture period,the CO2 flux showed the characteristic of‘emission-absorption’alternation.In the non-farming phase the shrimp pond became a net CO2 source.The CO2 flux in the culture period was mainly affected by DOC,SO4^2-,Cl^-,salinity,pH,and Chla,and pH and SO4^2-were the main influencing factors.TDN,TDP,and SO4^2-had a great influence on the CO2 flux during the non-farming phase.Our findings suggested that aquaculture shrimp ponds are important source of atmospheric CO2,and their effluxes are generally lower than that from the rivers,reservoirs and other aquatic ecosystems,but are higher than lakes.The CO2 flux in the aquaculture pond is obviously affected by human activities.The large temporal variation is related to aquaculture organisms,feed delivery and planktonic algae.

关 键 词：CO2通量 水沉积物-大气界面 水产养殖塘 闽江河口 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]