湘江子流域重点污染企业影响区土壤重金属镉污染源识别  

Identification of Soil Cadmium Pollution Sources in Affected Areas of Key Pollution Enterprises in Xiangjiang Sub-Basin

作　　者：于靖靖 师华定[1,2] 王明浩 刘孝阳[1,2] YU Jingjing;SHI Huading;WANG Minghao;LIU Xiaoyang(Research Institute of Soil and Solid Waste,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Technical Centre for Soil,Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院土壤与固废环境研究所,北京100012 [2].生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心,北京100012 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第4期1013-1020,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC1800203,2018YFF0213401)。

摘　　要：土壤重金属Cd(镉)是威胁人类健康最严重的重金属污染元素之一.土壤Cd污染来源复杂,明确土壤重金属分布特征,探索重点污染企业影响区土壤重金属源解析方法,对土壤Cd污染防治具有重要意义.2018年5—9月,以湘江流域头山、大河滩两个子流域为研究对象,采用系统布点法,借助2 km×2 km的网格在研究区内均匀布点共计2638个,分析重点污染企业对土壤Cd污染的影响及w(Cd)的空间分布特征,并借助双变量局部莫兰指数方法(bivariate local Moran′s I)、广义加性模型(GAM)量化土壤中w(Cd)与企业分布的空间相关性及不同行业源的贡献率.结果表明:①研究区土壤中w(Cd)为0.032~14.01 mg kg,平均值(0.63 mg kg)较高,高值区主要分布在研究区西部,低值区位于研究区东部.②研究区重点污染企业总体聚集程度不高(Moran′s I=0.45),而分行业企业呈显著的高聚集分布(0.88≤Moran′s I≤0.97)特征,尤其是冶炼与压延加工业的集聚性最为明显.③土壤中w(Cd)与不同行业的空间相关聚类分析发现,存在较大区域的H-H〔土壤w(Cd)高值与企业高密度〕聚类分布,说明土壤中w(Cd)受企业分布的影响较大,在企业集聚区存在较多的土壤w(Cd)高值区.④在企业影响区内,土壤w(Cd)分布受行业影响排序依次为采选业>化学品制造业>冶炼和压延加工业>其他行业,其方差解释率分别为51.2%、48.0%、46.2%、19.3%.研究显示,研究区土壤中w(Cd)分布受企业的影响明显,在污染源识别中采选业对土壤Cd污染影响最突出,研究结果可为湘江流域土壤重金属污染防治和企业污染源的管理提供依据.Soil pollution caused by cadmium(Cd)is one of the leading heavy metal pollutions that seriously affects human health,and its sources are involved.Understanding the distribution characteristics of heavy metals and exploring the methods of soil heavy metal source analysis in the affected areas of key polluting enterprises are important for the prevention and control of soil Cd pollution.The effect of critical polluting enterprises on soil Cd and its spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed in the Toushan Basin and Dahetan Basin of the two sub-basins of the Xiangjiang River Basin.The bivariate local Moran′s I and generalized additive models were used to quantify the spatial correlation between soil Cd and enterprise distribution and the contribution rate of different industry sources.The results showed that the soil w(Cd)in the study area was 0.032-14.01 mg kg,with a high mean value 0.63 mg kg.The high-value area was mainly distributed in the west of the study area,while the low-value area was located in the east of the study area.The spatial agglomeration degree of critical polluting enterprises in the study area was not high overall(Moran′s I=0.45),while it was significantly high(0.88≤Moran′s I≤0.97)in different industry type area,especially the smelting and rolling manufacturing industry.The spatial correlation cluster analysis between w(Cd)and spatial density of different industries showed that there was a large area of H-H clustering(high content of soil Cd and high density of enterprises),indicating that w(Cd)was greatly affected by the distribution of enterprises,with more high-value areas of w(Cd)existing in enterprise agglomeration area.In the enterprise-affected area,the distribution of w(Cd)was influenced by industry types ranked in the following order:mining industry>chemicals manufacturing>smelting and rolling processing industry>other industries,with the variance interpretation rates of 51.2%,48.0%,46.2%,19.3%,respectively.The distribution of w(Cd)in the study area is affected by th

关 键 词：土壤 CD 企业影响区 空间相关法 源解析 湘江流域 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]