欺诈的民法规制  

Preventing Fraud through Civil Liability

作　　者：许德风[1] Xu Defeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2020年第2期3-19,共17页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：欺诈是常见的社会现象。欺诈行为会侵犯他人的意志自由,破坏社会经济生活中的信任关系,应以法律加以规制,而民法是其中的重要环节。就欺诈的构成要件而言,应充分认识到欺诈恶意可导致其他构成要件的放宽:在因受欺诈而撤销意思表示时,一般不要求欺诈内容的实质性;欺诈恶意还可以导致因果关系认定上的放宽。就欺诈的法律效果而言,现行法以恢复原状为目标的安排,难以充分实现法益保护和行为预防的目标,应予改进,强化欺诈撤销后受欺诈人的救济措施,并综合运用返还、侵权和违约赔偿等制度,惩罚欺诈行为。Fraud is a usual social phenomenon. It infringes on the freedom of will and undermines the trust relationship in social and economic life. Civil law is an important part of the regulatory mechanism to curb fraud. Malicious and fraudulent intention justify the relaxation of other criterions for the avoidance of contract: the content of fraud is not limited to the key information that has a material impact on the transaction, and a but-for-test is not required for the causation between the fraudulent activity and the expression of the victim. As far as the legal effect of fraud is concerned, current law focuses mainly on the voidability of the contract, which is difficult to fully satisfy the purposes of legal interest protection and behavior prevention and thus needs to be improved. The remedial measures for the victim after voidance of the contract should be strengthened, and the institutions of restitution, torts and compensation for breach of contract should be collectively applied to punish fraud.

关 键 词：欺诈 实质性 合同撤销 缔约过失 欺诈侵权 恶意抗辩 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]