表观遗传修饰在胰腺β细胞分化和功能中的作用  

Roles of epigenetic modification in the differentiation and function of pancreatic β-cells

作　　者：戴永国 寇皓 桂淑霞[1,2] 汪晖 郭喻[1,2] DAI Yong-Guo;KOU Hao;GUI Shu-Xia;WANG Hui;GUO Yu(Department of Pharmacology,Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease,Wuhan 430071,China;Department of Pharmacy,Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学基础医学院药理学系,武汉430071 [2]发育源性疾病湖北省重点实验室,武汉430071 [3]武汉大学中南医院药学部,武汉430071

出　　处：《生命科学》2020年第1期16-28,共13页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81773812);国家自然科学基金青年项目(81703631);湖北省杰出青年基金项目(2017CFA055)。

摘　　要：表观遗传是指在不改变DNA核苷酸序列的前提下,通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA等形式引起基因表达的可遗传性改变,并参与多种生命过程。最新研究发现,多种表观遗传修饰形式可影响胰腺β细胞的发育和功能,从而导致糖代谢紊乱,在糖尿病的发生发展中起到了重要的作用。现将对β细胞分化与功能中的表观遗传调控机制进行综述。Epigenetics refers to the heritable changes in gene expression that are not directly encoded by alterations in the nucleotide DNA sequence of the genome but through DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA etc.. Epigenetic modification can be found in a variety of biological processes. Recent studies showed that multiple epigenetic modifications are involved in the development and function of pancreatic β-cells and may perturb glucose homeostasis, which contributes to the onset of diabetes. This article reviews the epigenetic mechanism underlying the differentiation and function of pancreatic β cells.

关 键 词：表观遗传学 胰腺 Β细胞 DNA甲基化 组蛋白修饰 非编码RNA 

分 类 号：R339.35[医药卫生—人体生理学] R394.1[医药卫生—基础医学]