中国道路和人口老龄化的就业对策  

China’s Road and Employment Strategy of Population Aging

作　　者：厉以宁[1] LI Yi-ning

机构地区：[1]北京大学光华管理学院

出　　处：《国际经贸探索》2020年第3期4-11,共8页International Economics and Trade Research

摘　　要：中国的人口老龄化已经成为社会经济稳定和发展过程中迫切需要面对和解决的问题。文章对中国老龄化的结构特征和趋势变化进行了探索,并分析了老龄化对于技术创新、产业升级以及社会就业的影响。研究发现:(1)中国老龄人口呈现乡多城少,东多西少,女多男少的结构特征,且城市老龄人口健康水平更高;(2)中国人口老龄化过程伴随着人口质量的普遍提升;(3)在适合的政策设计和引导下,老龄化能够有效支撑技术创新和产业升级,且不会增加就业压力;(4)推动建设社会企业有助于缓解老龄化带来的社会压力。最后提出应加强与老龄化相关的国民道德文化建设,以维持社会和谐发展。Population aging has become an inevitable while significant problem to solve in China.This paper explores the structural characteristics and trend changes of China’s population aging.It also analyzes the influence of population aging on technological innovation,industrial upgrading and employment.The research indicates that:(1)China’s aging population is more in rural areas than in urban areas,more in eastern China than in western China and more females than males.Besides,aging population in urban areas is healthier than that in rural areas;(2)China’s population aging process is accompanied by the general improvement of population quality;(3)under the appropriate policy design and guidance,population aging could serve to drive technological innovation and industrial upgrading without increasing employment pressure;(4)social enterprises are conducive to alleviating the social pressure brought by population aging.At last,the paper proposes that it is necessary to strengthen national moral culture construction concerning population aging,which is significant to maintain the harmonious development of society.

关 键 词：中国道路 人口老龄化 就业对策 

分 类 号：C924[社会学—人口学]