进口竞争、多产品出口与企业内资源再配置  

Import Competition,Multi-product Export and Intra-firm Resource Reallocation

作　　者：邱斌[1] 张亮[1] 孙少勤 QIU Bin;ZHANG Liang;SUN Shao-qin

机构地区：[1]东南大学经济管理学院 [2]南京信息工程大学商学院

出　　处：《国际经贸探索》2020年第3期12-29,共18页International Economics and Trade Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(15AJY001);江苏省第五期“333”工程项目(BRA2017369);上海市人民政府决策咨询研究项目(2018-A-116);江苏高校哲社研究重大项目(2018SJZDA011);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(2242019S10011);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(2242018S10013)。

摘　　要：文章通过建立多产品企业模型,解决了传统异质性企业模型中通常假设每个企业只生产一种产品及不变成本加成定价的问题,主要考察了进口竞争引起的企业内资源再分配。研究表明:无论是单产品还是多产品企业,进口竞争都显著降低了企业出口产品的成本加成定价。一方面,多产品出口企业核心产品的成本加成定价更高,激烈的进口竞争会使企业更多地降低核心产品的成本加成定价;另一方面,进口竞争带来的"促竞争效应"会使企业调整其产品范围,远离核心竞争力的次要产品更可能被删除,从而形成企业内资源的最优化配置。此外,相对于同质化产品而言,替代弹性更小的差异化产品成本加成定价受到进口竞争的影响更小。最后,进口竞争对多产品企业内的资源配置是通过一般贸易进口竞争实现的,这说明只有面向国内市场的产品进口才能够引起企业内部的资源再配置。文章的研究结论对于解释多产品出口企业内产品之间的资源配置与培育企业出口竞争优势具有重要的政策启示。By establishing a multi-product firm model, this paper solves the problem that the traditional heterogeneous firm model usually assumes each firm only produces one product as well as the problem of constant markup. The paper also investigates the intra-firm resource reallocation caused by import competition. The research shows that for both single-product and multi-product firms, import competition significantly reduces the markups of their export products. On one hand, the markups of core products of multi-product export firms are higher and the firms will reduce the markups of their core products due to the intense import competition. On the other hand, the "procompetitive effects" brought by import competition will make the firms adjust their product range. The secondary products without core competitiveness are more likely to be deleted, thus forming the optimal allocation of intra-firm resources. In addition, the markups of the differentiated products with less elasticity of substitution are less affected by import competition than the homogeneous products.Finally, this paper shows that import competition exerts influence on intra-firm resource allocation through import competition of general trade, implying that only the import of the products oriented to the domestic market can lead to the intra-firm resource reallocation.This paper has important policy enlightenment for the explanation of resource allocation among the products within multi-product export firms and the cultivation of export competitive advantages of the firms.

关 键 词：进口竞争 多产品企业 成本加成定价 促竞争效应 产品阶梯 

分 类 号：F746[经济管理—国际贸易]