权势转移与“一府独大”:清代湖南进士的地理分布  

Transfer of Power and One Prefecture Dominance:the Geographical Distribution of Jinshi in Hunan Area in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王毓伟 胡忆红[1] WANG Yuwei;HU Yihong

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学历史系,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《重庆第二师范学院学报》2020年第2期31-35,50,127,共7页Journal of Chongqing University of Education

基　　金：湖南省研究生科研创新项目“‘一府独大’:清代长沙府的崛起与湖南地方权势的转移”(CX2018B678)。

摘　　要：清代湖南进士的地理分布呈现出从“区域均衡”到“一府独大”的演进态势,与清代湖南地方权势的转移紧密相关。顺、康时期,湖南进士区域分布相对均衡,而基于地缘优势,湘北府州处于领先地位。湖广分闱与分省后,各类政治、文化优势资源向湘中尤其是长沙府转移,湖南进士呈现出阶梯形的分布状态,科举中心从湘北转移到湘中地区,边远地区更加边缘化。“同光中兴”后,长沙府成为具有全国影响的政治与文化重镇,又为全国性的科举强府,进士数量与质量在省内“独大”。清代湖南进士地域分布的演进趋向,折射出湖南地方权势转移与集中的历程。The geographical distribution of Jinshi in Hunan area in the Qing Dynasty showed an evolution from"regional equilibrium"to"one prefecture dominance",which was closely related to the transfer of local power in Hunan at that time.During the Shunzhi and Kangxi period,the distribution of Jinshi in Hunan was relatively balanced and north Hunan temporarily played a leading position because of geographical advantages.However,after the imperial examination was separated and Huguang area was divided into two different provinces,the superior political and cultural resources were transferred to the central Hunan,especially to Changsha Prefecture.In this way,Jinshi in Hunan presented the feature of step distribution and the centre of National Imperial Examination was moved from the north to the central Hunan,while remote areas were more marginalized.After"Renaissance in Tongzhi and Guangxu Period",Changsha Prefecture became a political and cultural center with national influence,and it was of great importance of National Imperial Examination,where both the number and quality of Jinshi were leading in the province.Therefore,it reflected the process of transfer and concentration of local power in Hunan from the evolution of the geographical distribution of Hunan Jinshi in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清代 湖南 长沙府 权势转移 进士分布 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]