农民创业更幸福吗——基于CLDS数据的实证研究  

Does Entrepreneurship Make Farmers Happier?——Empirical Evidence from China’s Labor-Force Dynamic Survey

作　　者：王琼 黄维乔 WANG Qiong;HUANG Weiqiao

机构地区：[1]湖北经济学院经济与贸易学院,湖北武汉430205 [2]西密歇根大学经济学院,美国密歇根州卡拉马祖49008

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期99-110,共12页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：文章基于幸福经济学理论,运用CLDS数据考察创业总体以及不同类型的创业活动对农民幸福感的影响,并用中介效应分析法检验创业带来幸福效应的中介因素。研究结论包括:第一,并非所有类型的创业活动都能显著提升农民幸福感。机会型创业和雇主型创业对农民幸福感具有显著正影响,而生存型创业和自雇型创业的幸福效应并不显著,甚至呈现负向趋势。第二,创业活动是通过影响农民物质和非物质需求的满足程度进而间接影响其幸福感。机会型创业和雇主型创业通过增进农民对物质需求、闲暇需求、价值实现需求和自主性需求的满足程度进而间接增进其幸福感;而生存型创业和自雇型创业却不如此,两者甚至降低了其对物质需求和闲暇需求的满足程度。由此得出:机会型创业和雇主型创业是农民非农就业的较好选择;当前政策在扩大农民创业活动数量的同时,更应注重创业活动的质量。并提出强化农民创业技能培训、扫除进城或返乡创业障碍、完善农民群体社会保障状况以增进农民创业的幸福水平的政策建议。The implementation of strategy of mass entrepreneurship and rural revitalization make it necessary to study the happiness effect of farmers’entrepreneurship.Based on the theory of happiness economics and using CLDS data,this paper has investigated the impact of entrepreneurship on farmers’happiness and the mediating effects in it.The results include:firstly,not all kinds of entrepreneurial activities significantly improve the happiness of farmers.Both“Opportunity”entrepreneurship and“employer”entrepreneurship significantly increase the happiness of farmers,while“necessity”entrepreneurship and“self-employed”entrepreneurship do not.Secondly,the entrepreneurial activities indirectly influence individual happiness by affecting the satisfaction of individual material and non-material needs.“Opportunity”entrepreneurship and“employer”entrepreneurship indirectly enhance individual happiness by increasing the satisfaction of individual’s needs of wealth,leisure,health,self-actualization and autonomy,while“necessity”entrepreneurship and“self-employed”entrepreneurship do not.These results mean that“Opportunity”entrepreneurship and“employer”entrepreneurship are better choices for farmers’off-farm employment.Therefore the policy should focus more on raising the quality of entrepreneurship.Measures such as strengthening the training of entrepreneurial skills,removing the obstacles of starting a business and improving the farmers’social security system should be taken so as to enhance the happiness of farmers.

关 键 词：农民创业 幸福感 创业活动 幸福经济学 

分 类 号：F304.6[经济管理—产业经济]