飞机环境控制系统制冷空调技术现状  

Technology of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning for Aircraft Environment Control System

作　　者：盛健[1] 张华[1] 吴兆林[1] 雷明镜 Sheng Jian;Zhang Hua;Wu Zhaolin;Lei Mingjing(School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093

出　　处：《制冷学报》2020年第2期22-33,共12页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：国防基础科研计划(TSXK20180917057-C)资助。

摘　　要：飞机环境控制系统为机载人员的舒适安全和机载设备的稳定运行提供环境保障,制冷空调系统非常重要。本文归纳了飞机飞行的环境特点、负荷特性、制冷空调系统功能要求、热力学原理和系统流程等;对比了空气压缩式制冷循环(基本循环、二轮升压、三轮升压、四轮升压和逆升压等)、蒸气压缩式制冷循环及组合制冷系统的构成与性能特点,以及高压分水器与低压分水器的优缺点;阐述了热电制冷和环路热管技术等环控系统中先进制冷空调技术以及加湿、舱内气压控制等技术发展现状;总结和展望了未来飞机制冷空调系统关键技术和研究方向。An aircraft′s environment control system provides the proper environment for its safe and stable flying.The refrigeration and air-conditioning systems are the core parts of an aircraft.The functional requirements,thermodynamic principles and system processes of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems are introduced.Air compression refrigeration cycles(such as basic cycle,two-wheel booster refrigeration cycle,three-wheel booster refrigeration cycle,four-wheel booster refrigeration cycle,and reverse booster refrigeration cycle),vapor compression refrigeration cycles,and combined refrigeration cycles are compared.The advantages and disadvantages of high-pressure water separator and low-pressure water separator are also discussed.Advanced refrigeration and air-conditioning technologies,such as thermos-electric refrigeration system,pneumatic control,humidifying technology,loop heat pipe,etc.are also introduced.Research directions and key technologies for the future are summarized.

关 键 词：飞机环控系统 空气调节 空气压缩制冷 蒸气压缩制冷 除湿 

分 类 号：TB657[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]