淮北麦区不同产量水平小麦主要农艺性状及其抗倒性的基因型差异  

Genotype Differences in Main Agronomic Traits and Lodging-Resistance of Wheat under Different Yield Levels in Huaibei Zone

作　　者：赖尚科 刘晓飞[1] 王卫军[1] 赖上坤[1] 崔小平[1] LAI Shang-ke;LIU Xiao-fei;WANG Wei-jun;LAI Shang-kun;CUI Xiao-ping(Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian 223800,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2020年第4期14-22,共9页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江苏省宿迁市产业发展引导资金(L201716、L201804)。

摘　　要：为明确淮北麦区最新育成品种的抗倒情况及其与产量的关系。以来自不同地域的62个半冬性小麦新品种为试验材料,研究了不同产量水平小麦品种茎秆特征及其抗倒性的基因型差异。结果表明:供试品种籽粒产量、株高、穗长、节间长度、穗鲜重、节间鲜重以及倒5节间倒伏指数均存在显著或极显著基因型差异,变异系数分别为10.3%、7.6%、11.9%、8.7%、22.0%、16.3%和34.4%。按籽粒产量聚类后,高产类群品种株高、穗长、节间总长、穗鲜重、节间总鲜重及倒伏指数均显著大于中产和低产类群品种,而中、低产类群品种间无显著差异。相关分析表明,供试小麦品种株高、穗长、节间总长、穗鲜重、节间总鲜重及籽粒产量与基部节间倒伏指数均存在显著或极显著正相关。综上,小麦茎秆性状及抗倒能力存在显著或极显著基因型差异,且高产品种倒伏风险显著高于中低产品种,其主要原因为高产品种较高的株高和较重的穗鲜重导致其弯曲力矩显著增大所致。In order to investigate the lodging-resistance of the newly bred cultivars in Huaibei wheat zone and its relationship with grain yield.The 62 latest bred cultivars of semi-winter wheat from different zones were used to study the genotype differences of stem traits and lodging-resistance at different yield levels.The results showed there were significant or highly significant geno?type differences in the grain yield,plant height,spike length,internode length,spike fresh weight,internode fresh weight and the lowest internode lodging-index.The coefficient of variations(C.V.)was 10.3%,7.6%,11.9%,8.7%,22.0%,16.3%and 34.4%,respectively.After clustering according to grain yield,plant height,spike length,internode length,spike fresh weight,internode fresh weight and lodging-index of the high-yield group cultivars were significantly higher than that of the low-yield and middle-yield group cultivars,while there were no significant differences between the medium-and low-yield group cultivars.Cor?relation analysis showed that the plant height,spike length,total internode length,spike fresh weight,total internode weight,and grain yield of all cultivars were significantly or highly significantly positively correlated with the lodging index of the basal inter?nodes.In summary,there were significant or high significant genotype differences in stem traits and lodging-resistance of wheat cultivars,and the lodging-risk of high-yield cultivar was significantly higher than that of medium-and low-yield cultivar,mainly due to the higher bending moment caused by higher plant height and heavier spike fresh weight of high-yield cultivars.This study provided theoretical basis and technical support for the breeding and cultivation of wheat in lodging resistance.

关 键 词：小麦 产量水平 茎秆特征 抗倒性 基因型差异 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]