常州市运北水系鱼类群落结构及多样性的变化研究  

Study on the Changes of Fish Community Structure and Diversity in the North of Canal River System in Changzhou City

作　　者：吕立鑫 祝亚楠[1] 潘瑞松 隋海潮 刘晨宇[1] 王继华[1] LV Li-xin;ZHU Ya-nan;PAN Rui-song(College of Life Science and Technology,Harbin Normal University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150025;Changzhou Environmental Protection and Technology Development and Extension Center,Changzhou,Jiangsu 213001)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025 [2]常州环保科技开发推广中心,江苏常州213001

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第8期92-97,101,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07202-002-06)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究常州市运北水系治理过程中鱼类群落结构及多样性的变化及其影响因素。[方法]于2013年3月至2016年3月共8次对常州市新北区运北水系鱼类群落结构进行调查与分析。[结果]共采集到鱼类617尾24种,隶属3目4科20属。其中,鲤形目鱼类21种,占总物种数的87.5%,鱼类组成以定居杂食性小型鱼类为主,鲫(Carassius auralus)、贝氏■(Hemiculter bleekeri)、条■(Hemiculter leucisculus)为优势种,占总尾数的79.58%。常州市运北水系鱼类群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数在2015-2016年(第Ⅱ年)高于2013-2014年(第Ⅰ年),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均表现为冬季最高,Margalef丰富度指数第Ⅰ年呈现冬季最低,在第Ⅱ年呈现夏季最低。典范对应分析发现,河流主要污染物NH 3-N、NO 3--N、TN、TP浓度与大部分鱼类的分布呈负相关关系。Pearson相关性分析显示,鱼类多样性指数均与NH 3-N、TN、TP浓度呈显著负相关关系,与NO 3--N呈正相关关系。[结论]常州市运北水系的N、P含量变化对鱼类群落结构的影响明显。[Objective]To study the changes of fish community structure and diversity and its influencing factors in the north of canal river system in Changzhou City.[Method]The survey and analysis of fish community structure in the north of canal river system in Changzhou City was carried out from March of 2013 to March of 2016.[Result]A total of 617 individuals were taxonomically identified,belonging to 3 orders,4 families,20 genera and 24 species.Among those,21 species belonged to Cypriniformes,accounting for 87.5%of the total,which was mainly composed of settled omnivorous small fish.Carassius auralus,Hemiculter bleekeri,Hemiculter leucisculus were important dominant species accounting for 79.58%of the total.Shannon-Wiener diversity index,the Pielous uniformity index and the Margalef richness index of the fish community were higher in 2015-2016(defined as the second year)than in 2013-2014(defined as the first year).Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielous evenness index in winter were the highest.The lowest value of Margalef richness index appeared in the winter of the first year and the lowest in the summer of the second year.CCA analysis showed that the concentrations of NH 3-N,NO 3--N,TN and TP were negatively correlated with the distribution of most fish species.Pearson correlation analysis showed that fish diversity index was negatively correlated with NH 3-N,TN and TP concentrations,and it was positively correlated with NO 3--N concentration.[Conclusion]The changes of N and P contents in the north of canal river system in Changzhou City had a significant impact on the fish community structure.

关 键 词：常州运北水系 鱼类群落结构 生物多样性 典范对应分析 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]