太阳能光伏屋顶对城市热环境及能源供需影响的模拟  

Simulation of the influence of solar photovoltaic roof on urban thermal environment and energy supply and demand

作　　者：郝晓龙 王咏薇[1,2] 胡凝[1,2] 陈卫东 HAO Xiaolong;WANG Yongwei;HU Ning;CHEN Weidong(School of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment,International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC),Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;State Grid Electric Power Research Institute,Nanjing 210003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学大气环境中心,南京210044 [3]国家电网电力科学研究院,南京210003

出　　处：《气象学报》2020年第2期301-316,共16页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41675016);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(PCSIRT);中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室开放课题(LAPC-KF-2017-09)。

摘　　要：太阳能光伏屋顶的安装在一定程度上能缓解城市化带来的能源危机和城市热环境的破坏。将太阳能板的传热模型引入WRF模式的多层城市冠层方案中,选取了2017年7月21-27日一次典型的高温热浪天气过程,在线模拟太阳能屋顶两种安装形式(贴覆式和支架式)对城市热环境及能量平衡的影响。结果表明:(1)贴覆式太阳能屋顶可使白天2 m气温最多降低0.29°C,降温效果优于支架式屋顶,但夜间温度下降较小。支架式屋顶白天最大降温0.23°C,夜间降温效果明显,与普通屋顶相比,温度最多降低了0.60°C。(2)太阳能屋顶白天确实可以起到降温效果,抑制白天边界层的发展高度,降低边界层的厚度。(3)太阳能屋顶除了对城市气象的影响外,最重要的是它对能源的贡献。从结果来看,太阳能电池板产生的电能可以满足商业区54.5%的空调消耗。The installation of solar roofs is expected to alleviate to a certain extent the energy crisis caused by urbanization and the destruction of urban thermal environment.The heat transfer model of solar panels is introduced into the WRF multi-layer urban canopy scheme,and the effects of solar roofs in two installation forms(attached roof and scaffolding roof)on urban thermal environment and energy consumption balance are simulated online.A typical heat wave weather is selected for the present study.The results show that:(1)Installation of the attached solar roof can reduce 2 m temperature by 0.29°C during the daytime,and the cooling effect is better than that of the scaffolding roof,but the decrease of temperature at the nighttime is small.The scaffolding roof cools down to 0.23°C during the daytime,and the effect of cooling at the nighttime is significant.Compared with the ordinary roof,the temperature is lowered by 0.60°C.(2)The solar roof can really cool down the urban area during the daytime,but it will also weaken the turbulence,inhibit the development of the daytime boundary layer and reduce the height of the boundary layer.In the case of strong turbulence development,the weakening effect of solar roofs is more obvious.(3)In addition to impacts on urban meteorology,solar roofs can make important contributions to energy supply.From the results,the power generated by solar panels can afford54.5%of the energy consumption by air conditioners in commercial areas during the study period.

关 键 词：太阳能光伏屋顶 冠层方案 城市热环境 能源 

分 类 号：P401[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境]