人民币预期汇率变动与虚假贸易--基于套汇视角的分析  

The Forward Exchange Rate and False Trade: Analysis from a Currency Arbitrage Perspective

作　　者：卢冰 王雅琦[2] 洪圣杰 LU Bing;WANG Yaqi;HONG Shengjie(PBC School of Finance,Tsinghua University;School of Finance,Central University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学五道口金融学院,北京10083 [2]中央财经大学金融学院,北京100801 [3]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《金融研究》2020年第1期9-27,共19页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(项目号:71703078,71603300);国家自然科学基金应急管理项目(项目号:71850005);中央财经大学青蓝科研创新团队的资助。

摘　　要：虚假贸易对国内经济秩序造成不良影响,受到了密切关注。本文基于2010-2012年中国大陆到香港的月度出口数据,实证检验了人民币汇率出现单边预期以及资本管制的大背景下,企业出于套汇动机而进行的虚假贸易行为。本文发现远期汇率升值显著促进了产品出口额增加,并且这一现象对于高价值重量比的产品更加明显。异质性分析表明虚假贸易行为更倾向于出现在加工贸易占比较高的行业。2012年汇率改革增大了人民币汇率的波动幅度,增加了企业跨境套利的成本,汇改之后企业的虚假贸易行为得到明显抑制。此外,远期汇率升值同时提高了虚假出口占总出口的比重。本文从一个新的视角研究了我国的虚假贸易问题,并对打击虚假贸易活动提出相关建议。Since the exchange rate reform was implemented in 2005, the RMB exchange rate has continually appreciated. Following the reform, especially during the long period after the financial crisis, the market formed strong expectations of the appreciation of the RMB(Yao, 2008;Zhang, 2010). In this context, many firms hope to convert overseas currencies into RMB to enjoy the gains from the continuing appreciation of the RMB. This type of trading is called currency arbitrage(Zhang, 2010). However, due to China’s capital controls(Ma & Mccauley, 2008), hot money cannot flow into China through legal channels. Thus, firms need to engage in a series of activities to evade the tight capital controls. One of the most commonly used channels is false trade, whereby firms manipulate the value of imports or exports, or even completely falsify their transactions(Gunter, 2004;Ferrantino et al., 2012;Kellenberg & Levinson, 2014;Lin et al., 2018). Although false trade has aroused significant attention at the policy level in China, few studies have quantitatively examined false trade, especially in terms of the traders’ motivations, because false trades are difficult to detect and measure. In this paper, we examine the false trade activity of Chinese exporters from a currency arbitrage perspective.In this paper, based on the HS six-digit product level export data from China's Mainland to Hong Kong during 2010-2012, we examine the false trade behavior of exporters seeking to evade the capital controls and profit from the appreciating RMB, and provide evidence for the motivation to engage in currency arbitrage. We find that the expected appreciation of the RMB significantly promotes the increase in the export value of products. For products with a higher value to weight ratio, we find that the exports are more sensitive to the appreciation of the RMB forward exchange rate. This finding strongly supports the false trade hypothesis. Firms do not randomly select products to export when they engage in abnormal trade to bypass capital contr

关 键 词：远期汇率 虚假贸易 套汇 价值重量比 

分 类 号：F832.6[经济管理—金融学] F752