试析1987年以来两岸政治关系发展的成就、经验与挑战  

An Analysis of Achievements,Experiences and Challenges in the Development of Cross-Strait Political Relations since 1987

作　　者：王英津[1] Wang Yingjin(political sciences at the School of International Studies of Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院政治学系

出　　处：《台海研究》2020年第1期51-63,共13页Cross-Taiwan Strait Studies

摘　　要：自1987年至今,两岸政治关系发展大致经历了两岸政治对立松动与被授权社会团体互动开启(1987-1993)、政治对抗升级与政党互动开启(1994-2008)、政治对立缓和与有限政治合作(2008-2016)、政治对抗重新升级与官方互动中断(2016.5-)四个时期。30余年来两岸政治关系发展取得了重大成就,主要有:实现两岸公权力部门之间的有限合作;实现国共两党互动的常态化、机制化;实现两岸两会商谈机制化;建立国台办与台湾方面陆委会联系沟通机制;实现两岸领导人历史性会晤。同时,30余年的两岸政治关系发展也积累了许多经验,主要包括:坚持一个中国原则的政治基础;坚持先易后难、循序渐进的基本进路;坚持搁置争议、求同存异的基本策略;坚持在发展基础上解决台湾问题的实力原则;坚持"政治问题政治解决"的根本路径;坚持多管齐下、综合应对的"反独"方略;坚持两岸协商是解决台湾"国际参与"的必要条件。未来两岸政治关系发展绝非一帆风顺,也会面临着诸多挑战,主要有:两岸敌对状态是影响两岸政治互动发展的根本原因;两岸政治分歧是制约两岸政治关系发展的核心问题;国民党弱化一个中国立场增加了两岸政治关系发展的不确定性;"民主拒统"成为影响两岸政治关系发展的新隐患;"台独"是两岸政治关系出现倒退的"不定时引信";美国是阻碍两岸政治关系发展的最重要外部因素。不过,困难是暂时的,"祖国必须统一,也必然统一"。Since 1987,the development of cross-Strait political relations has roughly gone through four periods:initial improvement upon cross-Strait political opposition and interaction between authorized social organizations(1987-1993),escalation of political confrontation and initial interaction between political parties(1994-2008),ameliorated political opposition and limited political cooperation(2008-2016),and re-escalation of political confrontation as well as interruption of official interaction(2016.5--).The major achievements in the development of cross-Strait political relations over the past three decades mainly include the realization of limited cooperation between cross-Strait public sectors;the normalization and institutionalization of interaction between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China;institutionalization of cross-Strait talks;establishment of contact and communication mechanism between Taiwan Affairs Office of State Council and Mainland Affairs Council in Taiwan;realization of the historictalks between leaders on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.At the same time,a lot of experience has been gained during the development of cross-Strait political relations,mainly including:adhering to the political foundation of the One-China principle;insisting on following a step-by-step approach;sticking to the basic strategy of seeking common ground while putting aside differences;insisting on the principle of self-strengthening which seeks to solve Taiwan Question through development;adhering to the fundamental path of "tackling political problems with political methods";adhering to multi-pronged "anti-independence" strategy with comprehensive measures;insisting on the necessity of cross-Strait consultations to resolve the problem of Taiwan’s "international participation".The development of cross-Strait political relations will not be smooth in the future and will face many challenges,which mainly include the hostility across the Strait which is the fundamental reason that affects the development of cro

关 键 词：两岸政治关系 两岸交流合作 两岸协商 

分 类 号：D618[政治法律—政治学]