B4C-Al基复合材料对空间碎片超高速撞击的防护应用研究  

Shielding Application of B4C-Al based Composites for Hypervelocity Impact of Space Debris

作　　者：黄雪刚[1] 殷春[2] 茹红强[3] 邓勇军[4] 郭运佳 罗庆[1] 陈辉 柳森[1] Huang Xuegang;Yin Chun;Ru Hongqiang;Deng Yongjun;Guo Yunjia;Luo Qing;Chen Hui;Liu Sen(China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China;University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China;Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心,四川绵阳621000 [2]电子科技大学,四川成都611731 [3]东北大学,辽宁沈阳110819 [4]西南科技大学,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《稀有金属材料与工程》2020年第2期487-493,共7页Rare Metal Materials and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61873305,51502338);四川省科技计划项目(2018JY0410,2019YJ0199);绵阳市科技计划项目(17YFCL004);超高速碰撞研究中心开放基金(20190101)。

摘　　要：为了提高航天器在应对空间碎片超高速撞击时的防护能力,采用无压预烧和真空渗铝工艺制备了B4C-Al基复合材料,并制作了B4C-Al缓冲屏的Whipple式空间碎片防护构型,利用超高速弹道靶在3~6.5 km/s的撞击速度范围内对B4C-Al缓冲屏和典型铝合金缓冲屏开展超高速撞击试验。通过比较不同撞击速度下的缓冲屏穿孔特征、后墙损伤特征、碎片云结构等,结合SEM微观损伤形貌和EDS元素分布模式分析,重点阐述了不同缓冲屏材料特性对超高速撞击碎片云形成以及后墙撞击损伤之间的作用关系。研究表明,B4C-Al缓冲屏可以更为有效地破碎超高速撞击弹丸甚至使弹丸碎片熔化,同时基体中的金属增韧相又能保证缓冲屏整体结构不发生破坏。碎片云颗粒细化以及碎片云前端动能集中效应的缓解是B4C-Al缓冲屏获得更佳防护性能的直接原因,研究结果为B4C-Al基复合材料对空间碎片超高速撞击的防护应用提供了一定的理论和技术支撑。In order to improve the shielding ability of spacecraft against space debris hypervelocity impact,the B4C-A1 based composites prepared by pressureless presintering and aluminium infiltration in a vacuum were designed as the front bumper with Whipple shielding configuration,and the hypervelocity impact tests were carried out to evaluate the shielding performance of B4C-A1 bumper and A1 alloy bumper at the impact velocity of 3~6.5 km/s.By comparing the bumper penetration,the rear wall damage state and the debris cloud structure of two different bumper materials at various impact velocities as well as the SEM and EDS results,the relationship among the bumper material properties,the cratering mechanics of rear wall and the debris cloud characteristics was discussed.The results indicate that the B4C-A1 bumper can break the projectile into smaller pieces and even melt the debris,and the impact damage of debris cloud on rear wall is alleviated significantly.Meanwhile,the good toughness of A1 metallic phase can keep this bumper structure intact.Hence,both the pulverized small debris and the decreased impact kinetic concentration of debris cloud are the main reasons for obtaining a higher shielding capability of B4C-A1 bumper.This primary investigation provides theoretical and technical instruction for the design and application of B4C-A1 based composite materials in space debris shielding configuration.

关 键 词：B4C-Al 空间碎片 超高速撞击 损伤行为 碎片云 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]