成都博物馆藏东汉陶仙山插座初探  

Celestial Mountains:A Preliminary Study on the Eastern Han Ceramic Sockets Collected in Chengdu Museum

作　　者：张倩影 王煜 ZHANG Qian-ying;WANG Yu

机构地区：[1]成都博物馆 [2]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《四川文物》2020年第2期43-50,105,F0003,共10页Sichuan Cultural Relics

摘　　要：成都及周边地区东汉晚期墓葬中出土有一种明显为仙山造型的陶质插座,倾向于为摇钱树的树座。其整体的三山、平台、洞穴造型及其上较为丰富的人物、羽人、伏羲、女娲、西王母形象应是当时观念中以昆仑、西王母为中心的神仙信仰的表现。将其制作为专门的丧葬用品,一方面反映了当时丧葬文化中的神仙信仰成分和超越死亡的升仙愿望,另一方面也再次印证了西南地区流行的摇钱树的主要内涵应与升仙有关。In Chengdu and its surrounding areas,a certain number of ceramic sockets have been discovered,which were from the late Eastern Han Dynasty and clearly shaped like celestial mountains.A few pieces collected and exhibited in the Chengdu Museum are the most typical samples.With remarkable shapes,clear structure,rich decorations and clear connotation,they may share a common design philosophy and conceptual background.The fact that they were unearthed from tombs in different places,reflects a certain degree of universality of that concept.Considered to be the seats of"coin trees",they are large,well made and rich in connotation.Generally in the shape of three horizontal mountains,they can be roughly divided into three vertical levels,with noticeable segments shaped like platform or cave,and patterns of Fuxi,Nvwa,feathered men and flame.Furthermore,some of them are decorated with paste or embossed figures of the West Queen.In accordance with historical documents,they demonstrate the beliefs of Kunlun,Xuanpu and the West Queen at that time.On the one hand,the fact that they served the unique purpose as funerary objects suggests the belief of celestial beings in funeral culture at that time,and the wish to transcend death and become immortal.On the other hand,it reconfirms that the prevailing"cointrees"in Southwestern China was mainly related to the belief of becoming immortal,which centered on the belief of Kunlun.It was still the development of the traditional belief of celestial beings and should not be regarded as an evidence of early Taoist beliefs.

关 键 词：东汉 摇钱树座 仙山 昆仑 西王母 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234.2[历史地理—历史学]