第二世代粗皮桉种子园的花粉污染及其影响  

Pollen contamination and its influence on the second generation Eucalyptus pellita seed orchard

作　　者：李鹏 罗建中 莫继有 王楚彪 卢万鸿 林彦 LI Peng;LUO Jianzhong;MO Jiyou;WANG Chubiao;LU Wanhong;LIN Yan(China Eucalypt Research Centre,National Forestry and Grassland Adminisoration,Zhanjiang 524022,China;Guangxi Dongmen State-owned Forest Farm,Fusui 532108,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局桉树研究开发中心,广东湛江524022 [2]广西国有东门林场,广西扶绥532108

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期51-58,共8页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600501);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31670680)。

摘　　要：【目的】花粉污染会影响林木种子园种子的基因纯度和遗传结构,通过研究掌握粗皮桉高世代种子园的花粉污染特点以及对重要性状的影响,为桉树等外来树种的种质资源保存、长期改良提供科学依据。【方法】以作为外来树种经4个引种地点改良的粗皮桉(Eucalyptus pellita)167个家系为遗传材料,以叶片形态为判别性状,分析了1.5~2.0年生试验林的花粉污染率、污染分布、污染对生长及开花物候等的影响。【结果】①4个地点的粗皮桉群体受到不同程度的花粉污染,地点间差异显著(P<0.05),平均污染率为18.75%~35.50%;92.81%的家系受到花粉污染,家系间的污染率差异极显著(P<0.01)。②花粉污染对粗皮桉的叶形态影响极显著(P<0.01),主要使叶色变浅、叶形变窄、叶面革质变薄,但对叶的朝向没有显著影响;叶形态特征性状大多在地点间差异显著。③花粉污染未对材积生长、开花物候产生显著影响,但健康指数极显著降低(P<0.01),平均降低幅度为4.74%。【结论】第二世代粗皮桉受到中等水平的花粉污染,花粉污染对粗皮桉叶形态、抗病能力的影响,以及不同来源遗传材料的花粉污染特征差异,可在粗皮桉种质资源保存和深入改良时加以利用。【Objective】Pollen contamination in forest tree seed orchards can affect their gene purity and genetic structure.This study aimed to understand pollen contamination patterns and its influence on important traits in high-generation Eucalyptus pellita seed orchard,an exotic species,to provide a scientific basis for its germplasm conservation and long-term improvement.【Method】Using 167 E.pellita families from four seed orchards as genetic material,with leaf morphology as discriminating traits,this study analyzed 1.5-2.0 years trial data for pollen contamination rate and its distribution as well as its effects on plant growth,health and flowering phenology.【Result】Eucalyptus pellita from all four sources exhibited pollen contamination.Contamination rates were significantly different(P<0.05)between sources,ranging from 18.75%to 35.50%.Family-level contamination rate was 92.81%.The contamination rates among families(within source)were highly significantly different(P<0.01).Pollen contamination highly significantly affected(P<0.01)leaf morphological traits,mainly leading to narrower leaves with a lighter color and thinner wax layer.However,it did not significantly affect leaf attitude.The effects of pollen contamination on the leaves were mostly significant among the four sources.Pollen contamination did not significantly affect tree volume growth and flowering phenology but significantly decreased tree health index by 4.74%(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Pollen contamination rate in the second-generation E.pellita was at a medium level.The results can be applied in modifying the methods of genetic conservation of E.pellita and preventing genetic contamination.

关 键 词：粗皮桉 花粉污染 高世代种子园 种质资源保存 

分 类 号：S722[农业科学—林木遗传育种]