几种近海底层鱼类和中上层鱼类隐蔽伪装色的比较  

Comparative analysis on the countershading between several marine pelagic fishes and demersal fishes

作　　者：姚晓华 王森 鲍宝龙[1,2,3] YAO Xiaohua;WANG Sen;BAO Baolong(The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National experimental teaching demonstration center of aquatic science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Classification and evolution of marine animal system of Shanghai Ocean University Key Laboratory of Shanghai University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2020年第2期199-208,共10页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31872546)。

摘　　要：为了探明近海不同生态类型鱼类隐蔽伪装色的差异,研究了6种中上层鱼类和5种底层鱼类的隐蔽伪装色,结果表明:无论近海中上层鱼类(包括大甲鲹Megalaspis cordyla、斑■Hemiramphus far、五条■Seriola quinqueradiata、竹■鱼Trachurus japonicus、蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi、蓝点马鲛Scomberomorus niphonius)还是近海底层鱼类(海鳗Muraenesox cinereus、斑尾复虾虎鱼Synechogobius ommaturus、带鱼Trichiurus japonicus、单角革鲀Aluterus monoceros、龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus),黑色素细胞和黄色素细胞均为背部多腹部少,差异显著;相比近海底层鱼类,近海中上层鱼类背腹部体色差异更加明显,中上层鱼类黑色素细胞和黄色素细胞差异更大;虹彩细胞在背腹部皮肤中都存在,而近海底层鱼类的腹部主要为虹彩细胞;红色素细胞在近海底层鱼类中很少存在,但在中上层鱼类中较多。上述结果显示,鱼类背部体色的深浅主要与皮肤中黑色素细胞和黄色素细胞的数量有关,腹部体色的形成主要与虹彩细胞的多少有关。The countershading formed by deep body color of dorsal surface and shallow body color of venteral surface is beneficial to avoid enemies and prey,and is more common in marine fishes.In order to understand the ecological adaptation of the marine bony fishes and the formation of pigment cells in the dorsal and venter surface,six kinds of marine pelagic fishes and five kinds of demersal fishes were collected,respectively.The results show that no matter the marine pelagic fishes(including Megalaspis cordyla,Hemiramphus far,Seriola quinqueradiata,Trachurus japonicus,Decapterus maruadsi,Scomberomorus niphonius)or marine demersal fishes(Muraenesox cinereus,Synechogobius ommaturus,Trichiurus japonicus,Aluterus monoceros,Harpadon nehereus).Both melanocytes and xanthophores are more in dorsal than in venter,and the difference between dorsal and venter is significant.Compared to the offshore demersal fishes,the countershading in these offshore pelagic fishes is more obvious.The iridocystes are present in both the skins of dorsal and venter,in the venter of marine demersal fishes most of pigments are iridocystes.There are few of the erythrophores in the demersal fishes,but more erythrophores can be seen in marine pelagic fishes.In summary,the investigation shows that the countershading mainly depends on the amounts of both melanocytes and xanthophores in the dorsal skin,and the venter color is related to iridocystes in marine bony fishes.

关 键 词：隐蔽伪装色 近海中上层鱼类 近海底层鱼类 体色 色素细胞 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]