长江野生中华绒螯蟹降海洄游过程中组织系数和脂类组成的变化  

Changes of tissue indices and lipid composition of wild adult Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)during catadromous migration

作　　者：封强梅 龙晓文[1,2,3] 姜晓东[1,2,3] 成永旭[1,3,4] 吴旭干[1,3,4] FENG Qiangmei;LONG Xiaowen;JIANG Xiaodong;CHENG Yongxu;WU Xugan(Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业农村部鱼类营养和环境生态研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2020年第2期234-241,共8页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41876190);农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-48);上海市高水平大学建设研究项目(A1-2801-18-1003);上海市教委水产动物遗传育种协同创新中心项目(A1-2041-18-0003)。

摘　　要：采用活体解剖和生化分析方法,首先比较了长江野生中华绒螯蟹(简称河蟹)降海洄游过程中,在淡水区域与长江口低盐度海水中的肝胰腺指数(hepatosomatic index,HSI)和性腺指数(gonadosomatic index, GSI)的变化,进一步比较了两种群河蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中总脂含量及脂肪酸含量差异。结果表明:(1)淡水组雄蟹的HSI和雌蟹的GSI均显著高于对应的半咸水组(P<0.05);无论雌性个体还是雄性个体,淡水组肝胰腺中的总脂含量均显著高于半咸水组(P<0.05),淡水组和半咸水组肌肉中的总脂含量无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)就肝胰腺中的脂肪酸组成而言,淡水组雄蟹和雌蟹肝胰腺中的C20:1n9、C18:2n6和C18:3n3显著高于半咸水组,而前者的C18:1n7、C20:5n3和C22:5n3均低于半咸水组,因此淡水组肝胰腺中总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-3 PUFA)以及∑n-3 PUFA/总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-6 PUFA)的值显著低于半咸水组,而∑n-6PUFA含量较高(P<0.05);(3)就雄体肌肉的脂肪酸组成而言,淡水组雄蟹肌肉中的C17:0、C18:0、C20:1n9、C18:2n6、C18:3n3和C20:2n6百分含量显著高于半咸水组,而半咸水组的C16:1n7、C20:5n3和C22:5n3含量显著高于淡水组,故其∑n-3 PUFA和∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA的值较高(P<0.05);淡水组雌蟹肌肉中除C17:1n7和C20:4n6显著高于半咸水组(P<0.05)外,两组雌体其余脂肪酸变化规律基本与雄体类似。综上,长江中野生河蟹成体由淡水区洄游至咸水区时,肝胰腺指数及其总脂含量均显著降低,咸水区野生亲本已经完成交配和产卵,其肝胰腺和肌肉中的总n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-3-LC-PUFA,≥C20:2n)百分含量显著升高。The study was conducted to compare hepatosomatic index(HSI), gonadosomatic index(GSI) in wild adult Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) during their catadromous migration, which were sampled from freshwater region near Zhenjiang city(defined as freshwater group) and brackish water area near Chongming Island in the estuary of Yangtze River(defined as brackish water group). After the dissection and biochemical analysis, total lipids and fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas and muscle were further compared between the two groups. The results showed that:(1) The HSI of the males and the GSI of the females in the freshwater group were significantly higher than those of the corresponding brackish water group(P< 0.05);despite of males or females, the freshwater group had the significantly higher total lipids in the hepatopancreas than the brackish water group(P< 0.05), and there was no significant difference in total lipids in the muscle between the two groups(P> 0.05);(2) As for the hepatopancreatic fatty acid compositions, both male and female crabs from the freshwater group had the significantly higher levels of C20:1 n9, C18:2 n6 and C18:3 n3, but the lower percentages of C18:1 n7, C20:5 n3 and C22:5 n3 in the hepatopancreas than the brackish water group,which resulted in the fact that the freshwater group had the significantly lower levels of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(∑n-3 PUFA) and the ratio of ∑n-3 PUFA/total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(∑n-6 PUFA), but the higher ∑n-6 PUFA levels in the hepatopancreas than the brackish water group(P< 0.05);(3) As for the fatty acid compositions in the muscle, the males from freshwater group had significantly higher levels of C17:0, C18:0, C20:1 n9, C18:2 n6, C18:3 n3 and C20:2 n6, but lower percentages of C16:1 n7, C20:5 n3 and C22:5 n3 than that of the brackish water group;thus the males from brackish water group had higher percentages of ∑n-3 PUFA and the ratio of ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA than males from freshwater group(P< 0.05);The changin

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 长江野生成蟹 降海洄游 脂类组成 肝胰腺指数 性腺指数 

分 类 号：S963.1[农业科学—水产养殖]