心理资本在职业紧张与睡眠障碍关联中的作用:基于天然气田采气工  

Effect of psychological capital on association between occupational stress and sleep disorders among natural gas drilling workers

作　　者：吴辉 谷桂珍 李富冉 周文慧 邵建中 余善法 WU Hui;GU Gui-zhen;LI Fu-ran;ZHOU Wen-hui;SHAO Jian-zhong;YU Shan-fa(Office,Henan Provincial Institute of Occupational Health,Zhengzhou,Henan 450052,China;Department of Occupational Health,Henan Provincial Institute of Occupational Health,Zhengzhou,Henan 450052,China;General Office,Zhongyuan Oilfield Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Puyang,Henan 457001,China;SINOPEC Puguang Branch of Zhongyuan Oilfield Company,Dazhou,Sichuan 635000,China;Department of Scientific Research and Foreign Affairs,Henan Medical College,Zhengzhou,Henan 451191,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省职业病防治研究院办公室,河南郑州450052 [2]河南省职业病防治研究院劳动卫生科,河南郑州450052 [3]中原油田疾病预防控制中心办公室,河南濮阳457001 [4]中国石油化工股份有限公司中原油田普光分公司,四川达州635000 [5]河南医学高等专科学校科研外事处,河南郑州451191

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2020年第3期237-242,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(2018020571);河南省卫生计生科技创新型人才“51282”工程特聘学科带头人项目(2016);河南省医学科技攻关计划重大项目(201001009)。

摘　　要：[背景]降低职业紧张程度从而减少睡眠障碍的发生成为职业人群的迫切需求,但措施有限、效果并不明显。心理资本是积极心理学的重要因子,与很多心理健康因素关系密切,对个人行为、情绪状态、工作态度、满意度和绩效等存在积极影响。[目的]从积极心理学的视角,探讨心理资本在职业紧张与睡眠障碍关联中的调节或中介作用,为提升睡眠质量提供新的科学依据。[方法]采用整群抽样方法,于2018年10月抽取某天然气田357名采气工进行心理资本、睡眠障碍和职业紧张相关因素的问卷调查。其中,心理资本量表分为自我效能、希望、韧性和乐观4个维度;通过付出-回报失衡(ERI)问卷调查职业紧张,以ERI指数>1表示付出-回报失衡,判定为高紧张水平;睡眠障碍问卷分值越大表示睡眠障碍越严重。控制人口统计学特征,对职业紧张、心理资本和睡眠障碍间的关系进行偏相关分析;以睡眠障碍为应变量,职业紧张为自变量,自我效能、希望、韧性和乐观分别为调节变量或中介变量,采用多元线性回归分析检验调节作用以及Bootstrap法分析中介作用。[结果]收回调查问卷340份,有效问卷327份,有效回收率96.18%。研究对象中,高水平职业紧张的发生率为51.7%,自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观及睡眠障碍的总体评分分别为(25.70±4.65)、(26.08±4.55)、(26.85±3.79)、(24.58±3.03)和(13.40±5.86)分。偏相关分析结果显示,职业紧张和乐观之间呈负相关(r=-0.140,P <0.05),与睡眠障碍呈正相关(r=0.230,P <0.01);自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观与睡眠障碍均呈负相关(r=-0.130,P <0.05;r=-0.120,P <0.05;r=-0.210,P <0.01;r=-0.220,P <0.01)。多元线性回归分析发现,自我效能(b=-0.140,P <0.05)、希望(b=-0.139,P <0.05)、韧性(b=-0.319,P <0.01)、乐观(b=-0.390,P <0.01)对睡眠障碍均有负向影响;但自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观对职业紧张与睡眠障碍之间�[Background] Reducing occupational stress and thus decreasing the occurrence of sleep disorders has become an urgent need of occupational population, but relevant measures are limited and associated results are not satisfactory. Psychological capital, an important factor in positive psychology, is closely related to many mental health factors, and has positive effects on individual behavior, emotional state, work attitude, satisfaction, and performance.[Objective] From the perspective of positive psychology, this paper discusses the moderating or mediating effect of psychological capital on the association between occupational stress and sleep disorders, aiming to provide a scientific basis for improving sleep quality.[Methods] A questionnaire survey of psychological capital, sleep disorders, and occupational stress was conducted among 357 drilling workers who were selected by a cluster sampling method from a natural gas field in October 2018. Psychological Capital Scale was divided into four dimensions: self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism. Occupational stress was investigated by Effort-Reword Imbalance(ERI) Scale, and high occupational stress level was defined as ERI index>1. Higher scores of Sleep Disorder Scale indicated severer sleep disorders. The association among occupational stress, psychological capital, and sleep disorders was analyzed by partial correlation analysis with controlling selected demographic characteristics. The moderating or mediating effects of self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism on the association between occupational stress and sleep disorders were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis or Bootstrap method.[Results] A total of 340 questionnaires and 327 valid questionnaires were received, with a valid rate of 96.18%. The incidence rate of highlevel occupational stress was 51.7%. The overall scores of self-efficacy, hope, resilience, optimism, and sleep disorders were 25.70±4.65, 26.08±4.55, 26.85±3.79, 24.58±3.03, and 13.40±5.86, respectively. The partial

关 键 词：职业紧张 睡眠障碍 心理资本 调节作用 中介作用 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]