纳米纤维大孔支架制备技术在骨组织工程研究中的应用与意义  

Application and significance of nanofibrous macroporous scaffold preparation technology for bone tissue engineering

作　　者：张伟忠 李磊[1] 何贺 何鑫 Zhang Weizhong;Li Lei;He He;He Xin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学材料科学与工程学院,上海市200093

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2020年第28期4437-4444,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：背景:用于骨组织工程的仿生多孔支架要求具有类细胞外基质纳米纤维结构和连通大孔结构,从而有效支持细胞植入、黏附、增殖等行为,促进组织再生。目的:结合最新相关研究动态,综述用于骨组织工程的纳米纤维大孔支架制备技术研究进展。方法:由第一作者以"bone tissue engineering,nanofibrous,macroporous,scaffolds"为英文检索词,以"骨组织工程、纳米纤维、大孔、支架"为中文检索词,使用计算机检索Web of science、知网、百度学术数据库中2000至2019年已发表的相关文献,并进行筛选,归纳和总结,最终纳入58篇相关文献进行综述。结果与结论:目前构建纳米纤维结构方法仍局限于静电纺丝、热致相分离和自组装,单一方法制备的骨组织工程支架存在很多问题,其中最大的问题是:很难提供一个三维相互连通的大孔结构来模拟体内的微环境,诱导细胞的迁移、生长、分化、增殖,最终再生新的组织和器官。通过多技术手段的综合运用开发制备大孔纳米纤维支架是必要的,具有重要的科学与现实意义。三维打印对于结构的调控十分精确,可以对支架内部结构及外部形状进行定制,达到双重调控,为骨组织工程的将来带来了发展。BACKGROUND: Bionic porous scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering requires extracellular matrix-like nanofibrous and connected macroporous structure to effectively support cell implantation, adhesion, proliferation and other behaviors, and promote tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress in nanorfibrous macroporous scaffold preparation technology for tissue engineering based on the latest relevant research trends. METHODS: The first author searched Web of Science, CNKI and Baidu academic databases to retrieve papers published from 2000 to 2019 with the search terms "bone tissue engineering, nanofibrous, macroporous, scaffolds" in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 58 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The scaffolds with nanofibrous structures are fabricated using three strategies, including electrospinning, thermally induced phase separation, and self-assembly process. However, bone scaffold fabricated by a single strategy failed to provide interconnected macropores to simulate the microenvironment in the body, which was necessary for cell migration, growth, differentiation, proliferation, and tissue and organ regeneration. Therefore, it is now of great practical and scientific significance to develop macroporous nanofibrous scaffold using a combination of several strategies. Three-dimensional printing technique can provide precise structure and enables the customization of the internal structure and external shape of the scaffold, which promotes the development of bone tissue engineering technique.

关 键 词：骨组织工程 纳米纤维 大孔 支架 热致相分离 静电纺丝 制备方法 细胞外基质 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318.08[医药卫生—临床医学]