清代作家科举心态转变与新型小说的生成  

The Change of the Imperial Examination’s Mentality in the Qing Dynasty and the Generation of New Novels

作　　者：王晓云[1,2] Wang Xiaoyun

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学文学院 [2]甘肃民族师范学院汉语系

出　　处：《文学与文化》2020年第1期24-33,共10页Literature and Culture Studies

摘　　要：科举与文学之关系,已成为中国古代文学研究的热点之一。清代小说中大量出现的科举情节,抉示了一个时代多数士人的科举心态。以往学界对清代小说作者的科举心态,多做个案的、静态的分析,缺少宏观的、动态的研究。纵观有清一代,小说作者的科举心态,是随着时代的变化而呈现出发展变化态势的。大致看来,明末清初,小说作者对科举持一种积极参与及热情歌颂的心态,大量才子佳人小说的出现及其叙述模式可窥其一斑;清中叶,社会发展中各种矛盾逐渐凸显,科举取士过程中诸多弊端也现端倪,深刻反映儒林众生相及大家族日常生活的世情小说开始生成,在此类作品中,作者在肯定科举功名的同时,对科举取士的弊端也进行了揭露与批判;到了晚清,时代呼唤社会变革,也正是作者科举心态的又一次大变化时期,这时的小说需要一种新题材以深刻批判科举制度及官僚体制,谴责类小说因此便成为这个时代作家的必然选择。The study of the relationship between the Imperial Examination and literature has become one of the hot topics in the study of Chinese ancient literature.The numerous plots of the imperial examinations in the novels of the Qing Dynasty not only reflect the author’s personal imperial examination concept,but also reveal the attitudes of a majority of the scholars to the imperial examination.In the past,the scholars did more analysis of the imperial examinations of the authors of the novels of the Qing Dynasty.They lacked a macroscopic and dynamic study.Throughout the Qing Dynasty,the author’s view of the imperial examination was a development and change with the changes of the times.Generally speaking,in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,the authors of the novels held an attitude of active participation and enthusiastic praise toward the imperial examinations.From a large number of narrative modes of the novels of talented scholars and beautiful people,one can see this phenomenon.In the middle of the Qing dynasty,various contradictions in the development of society gradually emerged.Many shortcomings in the process of imperial examinations are also beginning to appear.In the novels such as“The Scholars History”and“A Dream of Red Mansions”,the author affirmed the path of the imperial examination and also exposed and criticized the drawbacks of imperial examinations.Qing,then,in the context of the times calling for reforms,especially in condemning novels,the author gradually criticized the imperial examination system and the bureaucratic system.

关 键 词：清代 小说作者 科举心态 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]