生物有机类复合调理剂在设施叶菜障碍土壤上的应用效果  

Amendment effect of bio-organic soil conditioner on leafy vegetable greenhouse soil with continuous cropping obstacle

作　　者：王光飞[1] 高晓东 马艳[1] 郭德杰[1] 王秋君[1] 梁永红 仇美华 WANG Guang-fei;GAO Xiao-dong;MA Yan;GUO De-jie;WANG Qiu-jun;LIANG Yong-hong;QIU Mei-hua(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014;Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry of Huishan District,Wuxi Jiangsu 214174;Jiangsu Province Station of Farmland Quality and Agro-Environmental Protection,Nanjing Jiangsu 210036)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]无锡市惠山区农林局,江苏无锡214174 [3]江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第2期56-65,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(BE2017379);江苏现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系废弃资源利用创新团队(JATS[2018]209);江苏省农业科学院院基金(6111636)。

摘　　要：针对设施叶菜土壤次生盐渍化和酸化严重,研制生物有机类复合调理剂,并从改良土壤综合性状方面探明其改良机制,为研制生物有机类复合调理剂及其在设施障碍土壤中的应用提供技术支撑和科学依据。以植物源有机肥、生物炭和耐酸耐盐功能微生物为原料研制生物有机类复合调理剂1和调理剂2,市场购买生物有机类调理剂3,并以化肥处理为常规对照,在苏南苋菜和鸡毛菜大棚中进行小区试验。调理剂1和调理剂2降低了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,降低了电导率7.2%~12.9%,并显著增加了产量11.7%~24.5%。调理剂3增加了土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,显著增加电导率9.8%~20.8%,降低了土壤pH值,增加1.8%苋菜产量,但减少3.0%鸡毛菜产量。土壤生物学性状方面,调理剂1和调理剂2能显著增加土壤酶活性和有益微生物数量及微生物活性和多样性,并增加7.8%~30.2%土壤细菌数量,减少8.0%~45.2%土壤真菌数量。调理剂3则对土壤酶活性和微生物数量影响不显著,但降低了微生物活性和多样性。统计分析显示,对于高养分酸化设施叶菜土壤,高生物活性调理剂1和调理剂2主要通过降低盐分含量和改善土壤生物学性状有效缓解连作障碍,进而达到增产。在盐渍化和养分过度积累的设施障碍土壤中,应施用养分适宜、生物活性高的有机类土壤调理剂。There is a serious problem of secondary soil salinization and acidification in many fields of protected leafy vegetables.In this research,bio-organic soil conditioners were developed and used to improve the quality of the soil.The improvement mechanism was explored from the aspects of comprehensive soil biochemical properties,expecting to provide a theoretical support for the development of bio-organic soil conditioner and their application in greenhouse soils.Bio-organic soil conditioner 1 and 2 were prepared from plant-derived organic fertilizers,biochar and acid-and salt-tolerant functional microorganisms.Soil conditioner 3 was purchased from the market.Field plot experiments were carried out in leafy vegetable greenhouses located in the south of Jiangsu.Soil conditioner 1 and 2 significantly decreased electrical conductivity by 7.2%~12.9%and significantly increased yield by 11.7%~24.5%,and decreased ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content.Soil conditioner 3 increased available P and K content and decreased soil pH.In addition,conditioner 3 increased electrical conductivity by 9.8%~20.8%,increased yield of amaranth by 1.8%and decreased yield of Chinese cabbage by 3.0%.Soil conditioner 1 and 2 significantly improved soil biological properties,viz.,enzyme activities,beneficial microbial populations,microbial activity and diversity were all significantly increased.Furthermore,bacterial abundance was increased by 7.8%~30.2%and fungal abundance was decreased by 8.0%~45.2%.Soil conditioner 3 had little effect on enzyme activities and microbial populations,but had negative effect on microbial activity and diversity.Statistics analysis showed that high bio-active soil conditioner 1 and 2 could reduce soil salinity and improve soil biological properties,thus effectively alleviated continuous cropping obstacles,which in turn increased the yield in leafy vegetables.Organic soil conditioner with suitable nutrients and high bioactivity is suitable for the improvement of greenhouse soils with salinization and excessive nutrie

关 键 词：生物有机类调理剂 设施叶菜 土壤生物学性状 土壤养分 产量 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S156