不同覆盖材料对避雨葡萄园土壤生物活性的影响  

Effects of different mulching materials on soil biological activities in sheltered vineyard

作　　者：罗玲[1] 刘伟[2] 钟奇[2] 王进[1] 吕秀兰[1] LUO Ling;LIU Wei;ZHONG Qi;WANG Jin;LV Xiu-lan(Institute of Pomology and Olericulture Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130;Horticulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610066)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学果蔬研究所,四川成都611130 [2]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第2期66-74,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2018NZ0147)。

摘　　要：采用田间试验,研究了秸秆、地布、透明地膜及反光膜地表覆盖对避雨栽培葡萄园土壤有机碳、土壤酶活性、微生物量及其代谢的影响。结果表明:与不覆盖相比,除反光膜覆盖处理的土壤酶综合活性无显著提高外,4种覆盖材料均可显著提高土壤酶综合活性、微生物总量及微生物量碳、微生物熵,促进土壤养分释放,其中秸秆覆盖效果最好;秸秆覆盖可增加土壤有机碳含量,地布、透明地膜及反光膜覆盖则降低土壤有机碳含量;秸秆和地布覆盖下土壤呼吸强度增强,透明地膜和反光膜覆盖下则相反;4种覆盖材料均可降低土壤微生物代谢熵,提高微生物对土壤有机碳的利用率,其中透明地膜覆盖下土壤微生物代谢熵最低。主成分分析结果表明,4种覆盖材料均可提高葡萄避雨栽培园土壤生物活性,效果依次为秸秆覆盖>地布覆盖>透明地膜覆盖>反光膜覆盖;权重分析结果表明,微生物代谢熵、微生物熵、呼吸强度、微生物量碳和蔗糖酶活性、土壤酶指数共6个指标是评价土壤生物活性的重要指标。过氧化氢酶对葡萄生长期差异引起的生存环境变化较不敏感,可作为避雨栽培葡萄园中土壤酶活性差异的指示指标。A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of four mulching materials( straw,ground cloth,white plastic film and reflective plastic film)and a no-mulching control on soil organic carbon,soil enzyme activities,microbial quantities and its metabolism in a sheltered vineyard.The results showed that,compared with the situation without mulching,except for the soil enzyme comprehensive activity of reflective plastic film mulching was not significantly improved,the four mulching materials all significantly increased the comprehensive activities of soil enzyme,total microbial quantities,microbial biomass carbon and microbial quotient,and stimulated the release of soil nutrients,in which straw mulching worked best.Straw mulching increased soil organic carbon content,while ground cloth,white plastic film and reflective plastic film mulching reduced soil organic carbon content.Soil respiration intensity was enhanced under straw and ground cloth mulching,while weakened under white and reflective plastic film mulching.The four mulching materials all reduced the soil microbial metabolic quotient and improved the utilization rate of soil organic carbon by microbes, and the soil microbial metabolic quotient was the lowest under the white plastic film.The principal components analysis demonstrated that the four mulching materials all improved soil biological activity of sheltered vineyard,the effect was straw mulching>ground cloth mulching>white plastic film mulching>reflective plastic film mulching.According to the weight analysis result, the six indexes including microbial metabolic quotient,microbial quotient, respiration intensity, microbial biomass carbon,invertase activity and soil enzyme index were important to soil biological activity.Soil catalase was insensitive to changes in the living environment caused by the difference of grape phenophase,and could be used as an indicator of the difference in soil enzyme activity in sheltered vineyard.

关 键 词：地面覆盖 避雨栽培 葡萄 土壤微生物 土壤酶 土壤生物活性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]