中国耕地重金属污染现状及其人为污染源浅析  

The present status of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soils and analysis of polluting sources in China

作　　者：周江明[1] ZHOU Jiang-ming(The Agricultural Technique Popularization Centre of Jiangshan City of Zhejiang Province,Jiangshan Zhejiang 324100)

机构地区：[1]浙江省江山市农业技术推广中心,浙江江山324100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第2期83-92,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

摘　　要：重金属污染物对食品安全及人身健康有很大的危胁,耕地土壤重金属污染问题已越来越受到关注。为有效防止耕地污染进一步恶化及改善食品质量安全,有必要整体分析我国耕地重金属污染现状及主要人为污染源。通过搜集全国(未含港澳台地区)有关耕地土壤重金属污染调查数据的文献(2008~2018年),采用地积累指数法分析了各地区Cd、Pb、Cr、Hg、As、Cu、Ni 7种重金属累积含量及可能存在的风险,综合评价了重金属在我国各地区耕地表层土壤30年来的积累情况和主要人为污染源。结果表明,陕西、甘肃、新疆、广东、海南、湖南、河南、浙江、北京、山西、吉林、四川12个省(市、区)是我国耕地污染较为严重的地区,其中陕西、甘肃、新疆、广东和湖南尤其严重;耕地土壤重金属污染元素主要是镉和汞,受到中度污染及以上的省(市、区)分别有9个和5个;造成耕地土壤重金属污染的主要人为因素有冶矿产业、工业企业、城市建设、车辆交通、垃圾处理及农业生产等,污染严重程度依次为冶矿产业>电子垃圾拆解>城市建设>工业企业>城郊活动>车辆交通>生活垃圾处理>蔬菜(设施)生产>畜禽养殖。建议应严格控制污染强度较高的工矿企业和城市建设等污染物的排放,同时农业土壤中的镉和汞作为优先控制和治理的元素。The heavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soils becomes an increasing concern due to threatening human health through the food chain.For preventing further deterioration of agricultural soils from heavy metal(loid)s,it is essential to better know the status of heavy metal(loid)s pollutant in farmland soils on a national scale and main pollution sources posed by human activities in China as comprehensive as possible.The monitoring data in the literature(2008 ~ 2018)on heavy metal(loid)s polluted soils originating from different regions was collected to analyze in this work.The paper then evaluated the pollution levels,potential risks,accumulation in recent 30 years and main pollution sources caused by human activities on seven heavy metal(loid)s(Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg,As,Cu,and Ni)of farmland soils.The results showed that the farmland soils polluted with heavy metal(loid)s in Shaanxi,Gansu,Xinjiang,Guangdong,Hainan,Hunan,Henan,Zhejiang,Beijing,Shanxi,Jilin and Sichuan were more serious compared to other regions,especially in Shaanxi,Gansu,Xinjiang,Guangdong and Hunan.The primary heavy metal pollutants in farmland soils were Cd and Hg,and the pollution resulting from these two elements in nine and five provinces/cities/regions,respectively,was above the moderate level.However,the human activities such as mining,industry,urban development,road vehicles,waste treatment and agricultural production etc were main pollution sources for farmland soils polluted with heavy metal(loid)s.The pollution degree order in different pollution sources caused by human activities were mining>electronic waste dismantling>urbanism>industry>suburban activity>road vehicles>domestic waste treatment>vegetable(protected vegetable)producing>livestock and poultry breeding.However,the release of pollutants from human activities such as industrial and mining processes should be tight limited as the priority option for improving agricultural soils,and furthermore,the control and remediation of Cd and Hg should be prioritized due to their more serious pol

关 键 词：耕地土壤 重金属 污染评价 污染源 中国 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]