不同调控措施对个旧矿区水稻土As修复及水稻As累积的影响  

Effect of different regulating measures on arsenic accumulation of rice and arsenic restoration of paddy soil in Gejiu mining areas

作　　者：杜丽娟[1] 陈璐[1] 米艳华[1] 严红梅 孔令明[1] 张文波 尹本林[1] DU Li-juan;CHEN Lu;MI Yan-hua;YAN Hong-mei;KONG Ling-ming;ZHANG Wen-bo;YIN Ben-lin(Institute of Agriculture Quality Standards&Testing Technique,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science,Kunming Yunnan 650221;Comprehensive Agricultural Service Center of Datun Town in Gejiu City of Honghe Region of Yunnan Province,Gejiu Yunnan 661077)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所,云南昆明650221 [2]云南省红河州个旧市大屯镇农业综合服务中心,云南个旧661077

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第2期93-99,106,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2018YFD0800603);科技惠民-云南省农科院农业科技创新及成果转化专项(2017RA01407);云南省人才培养计划项目(2014HB059,2015HC025);云南省农业联合面上项目[NO.2017FG001(-059)]。

摘　　要：在大田试验条件下,研究了复合钝化剂A1(蛭石+硫酸亚铁),A2(纳米活性炭+硅钾钙镁肥)、A3(火山石+钙镁磷肥+有机肥)和B1(叶面硅肥)单一和联合7种不同的调控处理(A1、A2、A3、B1、A1B1、A2B1、A3B1)对云南省个旧矿区稻田As污染土壤的修复效应及对稻米As累积的影响。结果表明:添加土壤钝化剂后土壤pH值均有不同程度的升高;非专性吸附态和专性吸附态As含量均有不同程度的降低,联合调控处理效果优于单一处理;不同处理对水稻均有不同程度的增产效果,A1B1、A2B1、A3B1 3种联合调控处理后水稻产量分别增加28.0%、27.2%和29.7%,联合调控增产效果较单一好;不同处理水稻根系、茎叶、糙米中As含量和无机As含量都有不同的程度的降低,A2B1联合调控处理糙米中As含量和无机As含量分别降低60.3%和77.1%,效果较其它处理好;不同钝化剂处理下,根系到茎叶、茎叶到糙米、根系到糙米的转运系数都明显降低,A2B1联合调控处理效果较其它处理优。综上,采用土壤钝化-农艺联合调控措施,即基施蛭石和硫酸亚铁联合钝化剂,同时在水稻灌浆期和抽穗期喷施叶面硅肥(A2B1),能有效修复个旧矿区As污染土壤,有效降低糙米中As的含量和无机As含量,有效提高矿区稻米安全质量,该项技术可在As污染的农田推广应用。Under the field test conditions,the composite passivator A1(vermiculite and ferrous sulfate),A2(nanoactivated carbon and silicon potassium calcium fertilizer),A3(volcanic stone and calcium magnesium phosphate and organic fertilizer)and B1(leaf surface silicon fertilizer)were studied by being applied separately or in combination as A1 B1,A2 B1 and A3 B1 to determine their remediation effects on arsenic-contaminated paddy soil and the accumulation of arsenic for rice in Gejiu mining area of Yunnan Province.The results showed that the soil pH value increased with different degrees after the addition of soil passivation agent.The contents of arsenic in non-specific adsorption and specific adsorption states decreased,and the regulation effects of combined regulators were better than those of the single passivating regulators.Different treatments had different effects on rice yield.For the treatment of combined A1 B1,A2 B1 and A3 B1,the yield of rice increased by 28.0%,27.2% and 29.7%,respectively.The effects of combined regulation on yield increase were better than those of the single agents.The contents of arsenic and inorganic arsenic in roots,stems and leaves,brown rice of different treatments decreased to different extents,for the combined treatment A2 B1,they were reduced by 60.3% and 77.1%,and the effect was obviously better than other measures.Under different treatments,the transport coefficient from roots to stems and leaves,stems and leaves to brown rice,roots to brown rice were significantly reduced,the effect of combined treatment A2 B1 was better than others.In summary,adopting soil passivation-agronomic joint control measures,basal application with combined passivation of vermiculite and ferrous sulfate,at the same time,spraying foliar silicon fertilizer in rice filling stage and heading stage(A2 B1 joint regulation)could effectively repair the arsenic contaminated soil in Gejiu mining areas,and effectively reduce the arsenic and inorganic arsenic in the brown rice and improve the safety and quality of ri

关 键 词：砷 钝化剂 形态 水稻 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S511[农业科学—作物学]