泸州烤烟养分管理的关键技术参数研究  

Study on key parameters of nutrient management for flue-cured tobacco in Luzhou

作　　者：李君 张云贵[1] 谢强[2] 刘青丽[1] 李志宏[1] 李健铭 张永辉[2] 夏建华[3] 郭仕平[3] LI Jun;ZHANG Yun-gui;XIE Qiang;LIU Qing-li;LI Zhi-hong;LI Jian-ming;ZHANG Yong-hui;XIA Jianhua;GUO Shi-ping(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Eco-environment and Leaf Tobacco Quality,Beijing 100081;Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Luzhou Sichuan 646000;Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Chengdu Sichuan 610041;Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,烟草行业生态环境与烟叶质量重点实验室,北京100081 [2]四川省烟草公司泸州市公司,四川泸州646000 [3]四川省烟草公司,四川成都610041 [4]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第2期100-106,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目(SCYC201707,SCYC201702)。

摘　　要：采用大田试验,以云烟87为材料,在四川泸州烟区开展了氮肥4水平、磷钾肥2个水平的田间试验,研究了氮、磷、钾肥配施对烤烟生长、养分吸收分配和利用率的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,烟株及各部位干物质累积和氮磷钾累积呈先升后降的趋势,在施氮量为90 kg/hm^2时达最大值;氮、磷、钾养分对烟株干物质累积和分配以及养分吸收的影响程度为磷>氮>钾;氮肥的偏生产力符合"报酬递减"规律,表观利用率和农学利用率随施氮量的增加呈"先升后降"的趋势,施氮量在90 kg/hm^2时利用率最高;氮、磷、钾最大积累速率分别出现在移栽后71、59、69 d;最高产量施氮量为79.5 kg/hm^2,最高产量为1969.4 kg/hm^2,最高经济效益施氮量为69.5 kg/hm^2,此时达到的产量为1956.1 kg/hm^2。每生产100 kg干烟叶,最优施肥处理需要的氮、磷、钾纯养分量分别为5.1、0.9、8.1 kg。泸州烟区土壤养分含量很高,根据氮肥效应函数和当地烟叶均价,当地推荐施氮量为69.5~79.5 kg/hm^2。Using"Yunyan 87"as test materials,field experiment was conducted to study the effects of application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on tobacco growth,nutrient absorption and use efficiency by 4 levels of nitrogen and 2 levels of phosphorus and potassium.The result showed that:with the increasing of nitrogen application rate,the dry matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation in tobacco plants and various parts were firstly increasing and then decreasing and all indexes above reached a maximum at 90 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen application.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients on dry matter accumulation and distribution and nutrient uptake of tobacco plants were in the decreasing order:phosphorus>nitrogen>potassium.The partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was fitted to the law of"diminishing returns".The apparent utilization rate and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer were firstly increasing and then decreasing with the amount of nitrogen increasing,and this two indexes above reached the maximum at 90 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen application.The maximum accumulation rate of N,P,K appeared at 71,59,69 d after transplanting.The nitrogen fertilization producing the highest yield(1969.4 kg/hm^2)was 79.5 kg/hm^2;the nitrogen fertilization resulting in the best economic benefits(1956.1 kg/hm^2)was 69.5 kg/hm^2.To produce 100 kg tobacco leaf,the required amounts of N,P,K were 5.1,0.9,8.1 kg,respectively.The soil nutrient content was high in Luzhou.Considering the effects of application nitrogen fertilizer on tobacco dry matter,nitrogen use efficiency and tobacco price,the recommendation application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 69.5~79.5 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：施肥 烤烟 养分管理 养分吸收 肥料利用率 肥料效应函数 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]