秸秆与地膜覆盖方式对咸淡交替灌溉模式下水盐调控及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of straw and plastic film mulching on water-salt regulation and maize yield in alternate brackish irrigation

作　　者：靳亚红 杨树青[1] 张万锋[1] 潘春洋 梁志航 JIN Ya-hong;YANG Shu-qing;ZHANG Wan-feng;PAN Chun-yang;LIANG Zhi-hang(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学-水利与土木工程建筑学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第2期198-205,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“内蒙古河套灌区农田水土环境安全因子限制下引黄水量阈值与环境预报研究”(51469021);“十三五”国家科技支撑项目“内蒙河套灌区粮经作物高效节水灌溉技术研究与集成应用”(2016YFC0400205)。

摘　　要：为探明秸秆与地膜覆盖方式对咸淡交替灌溉模式下水盐调控及玉米产量的影响,筛选出适合内蒙古河套灌域轻度盐碱地地区玉米种植的耦合技术。通过田间试验,研究了在已有优化的咸淡交替灌溉模式下地膜覆盖(H1)、上膜上秸(地膜覆盖+秸秆表覆)(H2)、上膜下秸(地膜覆盖+秸秆深埋)(H3)、对照(无覆膜无秸秆)(CK)4种处理对玉米生长效应和水盐运移机理的影响。结果显示:1)H1、H2、H3处理的玉米收获指数均显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),分别比CK提高了5.39%、14.48%、16.50%,H2处理提高了玉米生育前期的生长指标,H3处理提高了玉米生育后期的生长指标,但H3比H2处理玉米产量、水分利用效率高;2)咸淡水交替灌溉节约淡水资源,秸秆隔层与地膜覆盖减少了水分散失,提高了土壤含水率,20~40 cm土层H3处理的含水率最高且比CK增加了7.13%;3)秸秆隔层能够减弱盐分表聚,把盐分控制在秸秆层以下位置,淡化了玉米根层土壤含盐量,20~60 cm土层H3处理的土壤含盐量分别比H1、H2、CK处理降低了30.97%、23.21%、44.07%。总之,优化咸淡交替灌溉模式下上膜下秸(H3)耦合技术具有较好的蓄水控盐效果,为轻度盐渍化土壤玉米的生长提供了较好的生态环境,获得了较优产量,在内蒙古河套灌域轻度盐碱地地区较为适用。To investigate the effects of straw and plastic film mulching on salt-water regulation and maize yield in alternate brackish irrigation,the coupling technology suitable for maize planting in the mild saline and alkaline areas of Hetao irrigation area in Inner Mongolia was selected.In order to study the influence of different treatments on maize growth,soil water and salinity distribution,field experiments were conducted under alternating brackish irrigation mode of four coverage practices of plastic film mulching(H1),plastic and straw mulching(H2),plastic mulching and straw burial(H3)and no plastic mulching or straw(CK).The results showed that H2 improved the growth index of maize at the early growth stage,while H3 improved the growth index of maize at the later growth stage,but H3 had higher yield and water use efficiency than those of H2 treatment.Compared to the treatments of H1,H2 and H3,the index of maize with CK treatment decreased by 5.39%,14.48%and 16.50%,respectively,at the harvest stage.Alternate brackish irrigation saved fresh water resources.Straw septum and plastic film mulching reduced water loss and improved soil water content.The soil water content of 20 to 40 cm depth with H3 treatment was 7.13%higher than CK.The straw septum could reduce salt surface accumulation,keep the salt below the straw septum,and desalinate the soil salt content in the maize root layer.Compared to treatments of H1,H2 and CK,the soil salt content in the 20 to 60 cm depth with H3 decreased by 30.97%,23.21%and 44.07%.In a word,the plastic mulching and straw burial(H3)under the alternating brackish irrigation mode has a better effect on soil water and salinity distribution,which providing a better ecological environment for the growth of maize and obtaining a better yield in mildly salinity soil.It is more suitable in mild saline and alkaline areas of Hetao irrigation area in Inner Mongolia.

关 键 词：咸淡交替灌溉 地膜覆盖 秸秆还田 耦合效应 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S156.4