失业与贫困:失地农民自愿性失业问题研究——来自西部A市城郊12村的调研实据  

Unemployment and Poverty:A Study on Voluntary Unemployment of Landless Farmers--Investigative Evidence from 12 Villages in Suburbs of a City in Western China

作　　者：贾海刚 孙迎联[2] Jia Haigang;Sun Yinglian

机构地区：[1]东南大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京211189 [2]东南大学中国特色社会主义发展研究院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《新疆社会科学》2020年第1期135-143,152,共10页Social Sciences in Xinjiang

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“共享发展理念下的精准扶贫机制创新研究”(16BKS061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：失业与贫困之间存在特定逻辑关系,文章基于对西部A市城郊12个村的样本调查和特征阐释,发现失地农民客观上存在一定程度的自愿性失业及贫困现象,失业规模约为适龄劳动力的1/8,自愿性失业依据成因可划分为满足型、自由型、投机型、享受型和自卑型等五个类型。失地农民自愿性失业行为均与失地后城乡急剧变化的外在环境有关,实物安置、转移性支付等成为他们选择自愿性失业及贫困诱因的客观条件,受教育程度、技能水平、心理变化成为他们自愿性失业及贫困萌生的主观因素,而女性受教育程度越高选择自愿性失业的越多。There is a specific logical relationship between unemployment and poverty.Unemployment causes poverty or poverty causes unemployment.Based on the sample survey and characteristic explanation of 12 villages in the suburbs of A city in Western China,it is clear that landless peasants objectively have significant voluntary unemployment and poverty,which is about 1/8 of the age-appropriate labor force.According to the causes,they can be divided into five types of unemployment:satisfaction type,freedom type,speculation type,enjoyment type and inferiority type.Voluntary unemployment behavior of landless peasants is related to the dramatic changes in the external environment of urban and rural areas after land loss.Physical placement and transfer payment become the objective conditions for them to choose voluntary unemployment.Educational level,skill level and psychological changes become the subjective factors of their voluntary employment,especially for women with their education level.Increase and choose more voluntary unemployment.The policy implications of tackling the voluntary unemployment and poverty of landless peasants include:fostering a good political ecology at the grass-roots level;educating peasants to use transfer income rationally;guiding landless peasants to create a healthy urban adaptability;improving their employment skills and recognizing their own value;reasonably guiding landless peasants to start businesses and expanding production space,etc.

关 键 词：失业 贫困 失地农民 自愿性失业 

分 类 号：D669.2[政治法律—政治学]