侦探小说与帝国:俄罗斯白银时代文学的大众化叙述  

A Study on the Popular Narrative in Russian Silver Age Literature

作　　者：林精华[1] Lin Jinghua

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院,北京100089

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2020年第4期162-174,282,共14页Social Science Front

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地华东师范大学俄罗斯研究中心特聘教授、北京第二外国语学院北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设——特聘教授支持计划;国家留学基金委彼得堡大学历史系高级研究学者项目(CSC NO.201908110095)。

摘　　要：19、20世纪之交,帝俄遵循殖民体系之惯性,热衷于介入欧洲纷争(参加一战)、征服亚洲邻国,国力达至顶峰,却突然解体,而后很快建立了意识形态面向草根且反西方的苏维埃政权,实际上它维持甚至扩大了帝俄版图。这种矛盾,不是现代主义文学艺术的召唤力所致,在相当程度上,与对既有法律体系和社会治理方式不满的社会观念变化息息相关。面向大众审美关切的侦探小说,适应并推动了帝国的这种复杂变化,呈现出雄心勃勃的俄国难以负荷沉重的帝国包袱之情势。侦探小说的核心是以理性实践去寻求公平正义,这既契合布尔什维克革命的意识形态表达,也是苏俄彰显共产主义制度优越性的内涵。这使大量未进经典序列的侦探小说,反而成为推动苏俄反对帝俄、希望异于欧洲资本主义国家美学的力量之一。Russia Empire was stronger than ever before during the turn of 19-20 th century when Russia continued to follow its colonial strategy system,e. g.,intervening actively in European affairs,and conquering some Asian countries. However,Russian Empire collapsed suddenly in its prosperity,and soon established an anti-Western ideology system,and expended the Empire.This result largely came from the popular idea that Russian was dissatisfied with the existing imperial legal system and social governance to a considerable extent. Within this backdrop detective novel as popular literature adapted as well as promoted the complex transformation of the flouring empire,reflecting the then particular domestic situation. Detective novel is to seek fairness and justice through the practice of reasoning,which matches with the ideology of Bolshevistic revolution and the connotation of the communist system in Soviet Russia. Thus,those detectives that are not included into the classical stories became part of the force that promoted Soviet Russia’s opposition to the imperial Russia and its desire to be different from the aesthetics of European capitalist countries.

关 键 词：俄罗斯帝国 俄罗斯白银时代 俄罗斯侦探小说 福尔摩斯系列 平克顿系列 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]