燃料电池用聚合物质子交换膜的研究进展  

Research Progresses in Polymeric Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

作　　者：刘旭坡 张运丰 邓邵峰 王得丽 程寒松 LIU Xu-po;ZHANG Yun-feng;DENG Shao-feng;WANG De-li;CHENG Han-song(Sustainable Energy Laboratory,Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry,China University of Geosciences Wuhan,Wuhan 430074,China;Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage(Huazhong University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education,Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院,可持续能源实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]华中科技大学化学与化工学院,能量转换与存储材料化学教育部重点实验室,材料化学与服役失效湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《电化学》2020年第1期103-120,共18页Journal of Electrochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.21603197,21233006,21473164);湖北省自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.2016CFB181);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(No.CUGL180403);中国地质大学(武汉)先进能源技术与应用基地资助。

摘　　要：质子交换膜(PEM)是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心组件之一,具有隔绝阴阳极、提供质子传递通道和阻止燃料渗透的作用.商业化应用的全氟磺酸PEM存在燃料渗透严重、高温条件下导电性差和成本高的问题,开发性能优良的聚合物PEM显得很有必要.本文讨论了近年来聚合物PEM的研究进展,分别从聚合物的主链、支链和交联结构角度介绍了分子结构对薄膜相分离、质子导电性、稳定性和电池性能等性能的影响,并讨论了聚合物分子结构设计方面存在的问题,最后对燃料电池用聚合物PEM在未来的发展方向进行了展望.Proton exchange membrane(PEM) is one of the key components in PEM fuel cells, which possesses the function of separating the cathode and anode, affording proton transport channels and preventing fuel permeability. The property of PEM significantly influences the performance and service life of fuel cells. Nowadays, the commercially used Nafion membranes have the shortcomings of serious fuel permeability, low proton conductivity at elevated temperature and high price, which limits the rapid development of PEM fuel cells. Therefore, it seems to be urgent to develop novel PEMs with low cost and good comprehensive properties. Polymeric proton exchange membrane is an important developing direction in the research field of PEMs. This review focuses on the recent progresses in polymeric proton exchange membrane from the perspective of molecular structure. The effects of main backbones, side chains and crosslinking networks on the membrane properties, such as phase separation, proton conductivity,stability and cell performance, are analyzed. The existing problems in molecular structure design of polymeric PEMs are also discussed. Finally, an outlook for future developing directions in polymeric proton exchange membrane applied in fuel cells is presented. By comparing the effect of different structures of polymeric PEMs on their properties, it is concluded that the property of polymeric PEMs can be improved by the following three strategies:(1) Preparing block copolymer or locally and densely sulfonated polymers. The method is beneficial for obtaining high proton conductivity by adjusting the structure of main backbones.(2) Grafting functional hydrophilic or hydrophobic side chains. By using the high mobility of side chains, obvious phase separation of PEMs can be obtained as well as high proton conductivity. Polymers containing hydrophobic side chains are widely utilized as anion exchange membranes, however, the studies in polymers containing hydrophobic side chains as PEMs are still few up to now.(3)Preparing fully cros

关 键 词：燃料电池 聚合物质子交换膜 分子结构 相分离 质子导电性 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学] TM911.48[理学—化学]