播种方式对不同灌溉条件下冬小麦产量及土壤水热条件的影响  

Effects of Sowing Method on Winter Wheat Yield and Soil Hydrothermal Conditions under Different Irrigation Conditions

作　　者：董飞[1] 闫秋艳[1] 杨峰[1] 贾亚琴[1] 李峰[1] 鲁晋秀[1] 张建诚[1] DONG Fei;YAN Qiuyan;YANG Feng;JIA Yaqin;LI Feng;LU Jinxiu;ZHANG Jiancheng(Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第4期7-14,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211002-5);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2019T07);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放课题(Y20160019)。

摘　　要：为探讨适宜山西省晋南地区冬小麦节水旱作的播种方式及配套灌水模式,通过多点试验研究不同播种方式[探墒沟播(T)和常规条播(L)]对不同灌溉条件下[雨养旱地无灌水(W0)和拔节期浇一水(W1)]冬小麦产量及其构成因素、养分吸收、土壤含水量和土壤温度的影响。结果表明,同一试验点,与常规条播处理相比,探墒沟播处理冬小麦地上部干质量、有效穗数、株高显著提高;旱地条件下,千粒质量也显著提高,但穗长和穗粒数显著降低;沟播处理冬小麦产量显著提高2.4%~16.9%。灌水促进沟播条件下冬小麦对养分的吸收。沟播处理使冬小麦整个生育期土壤贮水量增加8.9~19.9 mm;除2月份沟播处理土壤温度降低1.43~3.12℃外,其余月份整体增高0.15~1.66℃。综上,探墒沟播对晋南地区麦田土壤起到蓄水保墒、增加地温的作用,提高冬小麦有效穗数和产量,可作为冬小麦节水旱作的一项播种技术。To explore suitable water-saving sowing method and irrigation mode of winter wheat in Shanxi Province,multi-point test was conducted to study the effects of sowing methods[furrow sowing(T)and drilling sowing(L)]on yield and its components,nutrient absorption of winter wheat,soil temperature and water content under different irrigation conditions[no irrigation(W0)and irrigation once at jointing stage(W0)].The results showed that compared with L treatment,aboveground dry weight,effective spikes number and plant height of T treatment significantly increased at the same experimental site;1000-grain weight of T treatment significantly increased,while spike length and grains number per spike significantly decreased under W0 condition;winter wheat yield of T treatment significantly increased by 2.4%—16.9%.Irrigation could promote nutrient absorption of winter wheat under T treatment.Soil water storage increased by 8.9—19.9 mm under T treatment.In February,soil temperature decreased by 1.43—3.12℃compared with L treatment,but soil temperature increased by 0.15—1.66℃under T treatment compared with L treatment in other growth months.In conclusion,furrow sowing increased water storage and soil temperature,improved effective spikes number and yield,and could be used as a water-saving sowing technology for winter wheat production.

关 键 词：冬小麦 探墒沟播 条播 灌溉 产量 土壤水热条件 

分 类 号：S521.1[农业科学—作物学] S311