基于聚类分析的兰州地区自动站降水特征分析  

Analysis of Precipitation Characteristics Based on AWS and K-Means Clustering Method in Lanzhou Area

作　　者：苟浩锋 王遂缠 杨银 张宁 茹建波 GOU Haofeng;WANG Suichan;YANG Yin;ZHANG Ning;RU Jianbo(Lanzhou Meteorological Bureau,Lanzhou 730000,China;Ningxia Meteorological Observatory,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州市气象局,甘肃兰州730000 [2]宁夏气象台,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2020年第1期108-114,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：兰州市科技局“兰州市强对流天气短时临近预报集成系统”(2018-4-57);甘肃省气象局科研项目(GSMAZd2017-08);中国气象局预报员专项项目(CMAYBY2019-129)。

摘　　要：利用兰州地区2013—2018年4—10月139个自动气象站逐时累积降水量和降水小时数资料,通过K均值聚类分析方法进行二维聚类分区,分析不同区域降水精细化时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)K均值聚类方法将兰州地区降水划分为3个区域,年平均降水量分别为246、317和427 mm,降水小时数分别为306、404和454 h。分区结果同地理位置、地形高度相适应,与主观分区结果较一致但更加科学精细;(2)3个区域降水分布特征相似,但也存在较明显的地域性差异,降水量集中在7—8月,分别占46%、45%、44%,降水小时数集中在6—9月,分别占55%、53%和53%;(3)从日变化特征看,降水量、降水小时数、降水强度的高值分别集中在7—8月的午后至前半夜、7月的16—17时、8月的00—04时和16—23时。Through K-means clustering analysis method,two-dimensional clustering partition is conducted with hourly cumulative precipitation and hours of precipitation at 139 automatic weather stations in Lanzhou area from April to October during 2013-2018,and we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation refinement in different regions.The results show that:(1)K-means clustering method divides the precipitation area into three precipitation regions in Lanzhou,with the average annual precipitation are 246 mm,317 mm and 427 mm,respectively,and the hours of precipitation are 306 h,404 h and 454 h,respectively.The partition was agree with the geographical location,topographic height,and the results are quite in accordance with the subjective partition,but it is more scientific.(2)The distribution characteristics of precipitation in the three regions are similar,but the regional differences are also quite clear.The precipitation amount is concentrated in July and August,accounting for 46%,45%and 44%,respectively,and hours of precipitation are concentrated from June to September,accounting for 55%,53%and 53%,respectively.(3)According to the diurnal variation characteristics,precipitation,hours of precipitation,and precipitation intensity are concentrated in the afternoon to the first half of the night of July to August,from 4 pm to 5 pm in July,and from 0 to 4 am and 16:00-23:00 in August,respectively.

关 键 词：兰州地区 聚类分析 自动站分类 降水特征 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P468.024