“理想照顾者”文化规则的破解:社会政策支持母亲就业的关键问题  

Breaking the Cultural Norm of Ideal Caregivers: The Key Points of Making Policy for Supporting Mothers’ Participating in Labor Market

作　　者：陶艳兰[1] 风笑天[2] Tao Yanlan;Feng Xiaotian

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学社会学系,江苏苏州215009 [2]南京大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2020年第4期77-89,共13页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“儿童照顾安排对城镇已婚妇女就业的影响及社会性别机制研究”(项目编号:13CSH044)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从家务劳动社会化到21世纪之交性别平等的劳动力市场政策,再到最近十多年来与家庭政策和儿童照顾政策相关的政策工具和内容,中国支持母亲就业的诸多社会政策建议隐含了对母亲就业问题的认识从单一的解放女性劳动力到劳动力市场性别平等,再到工作与家庭平衡、经济与社会整合的发展过程。中国的市场化改革以来,母亲被视为"理想照顾者"、男性被视为"理想工作者"的文化规则逐渐形成。支持母亲就业的支持政策要回应此性别文化规则带来的各种问题。对西方福利国家社会政策促进女性就业的效果及其经验进行梳理,对两家企业在应对"理想工作者"文化规则方面的实践进行分析,从政策理念、政策内容和社会文化三个层面提出破解"理想工作者-理想照顾者"文化规则的途径。Social policy recommendations of support mothers’ employment has changed from the socialization of housework, labor market policy of gender equality in the late 20 th century, to family policies and childcare policy in the recent 10 years. Since the market-oriented reform, the cultural rule that mothers are regarded as "ideal caregivers" and men as "ideal workers" has gradually taken shape. Supportive policies in support of maternal employment should respond to the problems that arise from this gender cultural norm. By analyzing and sorting out the social policies in western welfare state promoting women’s employment and the two cases of enterprises dealing with the "ideal worker" cultural rules in practice, this paper put forward the approach to break the cultural rules of "the ideal caregivers" from three aspects of the policy concept, content and social cultural.

关 键 词：理想照顾者 工作母亲 社会政策 性别平等 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]