政治歧视与文化互动:元代漕粮海运体制中的族际关系  

Ethnic Relations and Cultural Exchange in the Sea Transport of Tribute Grain During the Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：陈彩云 Chen Caiyun

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院历史系,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《社会科学》2020年第4期135-146,共12页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“族群政治与元初江南统治”(项目编号:19BZS047);“浙江省重点高校建设”中国史A类一流学科经费资助项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：元初建立起中国史上"旷古未有"的漕粮海运体制,其中有着深刻的族群政治背景与内涵。海运体制中官员群体的族属构成特点为:达鲁花赤为蒙古、色目人所垄断,万户、副万户多为北人,千户及海运府的幕僚官多为南人。元廷重视海运官员的选任,待遇优厚,然北方官员与世袭职役的南人海运官员多有矛盾冲突,社会隔阂较深。就役海上的艰辛使得各族海运官员均重视天妃祭祀,祈求神灵护佑海上航行的平安,同时在语言、曲艺、文学等方面也有一定的互动交流,展示出海运体制中交织着显性的政治歧视、隐形的社会隔阂、多元的文化交流。The early Yuan Dynasty created the Sea Transport of Tribute Grain that had never been seen in the past of China, which contained profound political connotation and background of ethnic groups. And the characteristics of the ethnic group of the officials in the maritime transport system were that Darughachi was monopolize by the Mongolia and Semu people, that Wanhu and Fu Wanhu were mostly northerners, and that Qianhu and the officers of the shipping office were mostly southerners. The court of the Yuan Dynasty attached importance to the selection of maritime officials and gave them good treatment, but it had many conflicts with the southern shipping officials in hereditary duty, and the social barriers between them were deeper. Nevertheless, the hardship of serving on the sea had made the shipping officials of all nationalities think highly of the sacrifice of Tianfei, praying for the gods to protect the safety of navigation at sea as well as enabled them to have certain interactive exchanges in language, drama, literature, showing the dominant institutional discrimination, invisible social estrangement and pluralistic cultural exchanges intertwined in the maritime transport system.

关 键 词：元代 漕粮海运 族际关系 文化交流 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]