动词前与工具相关的四类名词性成分  

Four Kinds of Instrumental Pre-verb Noun Phrase in Chinese

作　　者：张帆[1] ZHANG Fan(Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing Fangshan 102488)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京房山102488

出　　处：《汉语学习》2020年第2期104-112,共9页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：本文讨论四类紧邻动词的工具相关名词性成分的句法性质。首先从语义、语用和句法变换入手论证"刀切菜"的语法结构与"刀切菜了"不同。前者的"刀"与动词"切菜"的关系紧密,可处理为主语;后者的"刀"与动词的关系相对松散,本质上是话题。从而证明处于动词前位置的工具论元和谓语部分的关系不是一成不变的,过往以论元关系和语序定义出的"工具主语句"概念并不可靠。进而区分出"临时名词状语"和"真名词状语"两类名词作状语的情况,并讨论临时名词状语和工具主语的相关性。文章最后提出一种理论,认为汉语句子结构是以形成"话题-说明"结构为目的,句子成分动态博弈的产物。This paper discussed grammatical properties of four kinds of noun phrase precede the verb. Firstly we prove that the structure of dao qiecai "knife is used to cut vegetable" is different from that of dao qiecai le "the knife has been used to cut vegetable", and dao "knife" is subject in the first clause but topic in the second clause. Then we separate "temperate instrumental adverbial noun" from "real instrumental adverbial noun" and prove that the "temperate instrumental adverbial noun" is closely related to the instrumental subject. At the end of this paper, we put out the theory that Chinese sentence is the outcome of a game between components which aims to form a stable "topic-comment" structure.

关 键 词：工具论元 工具主语 话题 名词状语 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]