数字音乐版权独家授权的竞争风险及其规制方法  

Competition Risks of Digital Music Copyright Exclusive Authorization and Its Solutions

作　　者：龙俊[1] LONG Jun(Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期83-94,共12页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中国法学会2018年度研究项目“专利链接制度实施中的竞争法律问题实证研究”(CLS(2018)Y06);中国人民大学2018年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划项目。

摘　　要：为规范我国数字音乐市场的竞争秩序,国家版权局在责令网络音乐服务商停止传播未经授权的音乐作品的基础上,又进一步对数字音乐市场中盛行的独家授权模式予以“叫停”。从效能上看,数字音乐版权独家授权具有同时防止上游版权保护不足和产生下游网络传播垄断的双重效应,故应当于宏观监管层面审慎对待。就其负面效果的原因而言,独家授权模式的竞争风险主要归因于数字音乐平台对客户的锁定效应增强、版权法对独家授权模式的必要限制缺失,以及互联网行业反垄断执法过于谦抑等现实因素。故从方法论上看,遵循“预防为主、防治结合”理念,防止“压力型立法”与“运动式执法”错误,以及实现从自我规制、命令-控制式规制向合作规制转变,并尝试对独家授权模式的授权数量和期限进行必要限制,保持反垄断法于恰当时刻准确介入和监管,逐步引入有限制性的竞争性著作权管理组织以部分替代现有授权模式,是化解数字音乐版权独家授权竞争风险的应对之道。In order to regulate the competition order of China’s digital music market,The National Copyright Administration ordered network music service providers to stop spreading unauthorized music works,and then put an end to the“exclusive authorization”mode prevailing in the digital music market.From the perspective of effect,the exclusive authorization of digital music copyright has the dual effects of preventing“insufficient upstream copyright protection”and producing“downstream network communication monopoly”,so it should be treated prudently at the macro regulatory level.In terms of the reasons for its negative effects,the competitive risks of exclusive licensing mode are mainly attributed to such practical factors as“enhanced locking effect of digital music platform on customers”,“lack of necessary restrictions of copyright law on exclusive licensing mode”and“insufficient anti-monopoly law enforcement in the Internet industry”.Therefore,from the point of view of methodology,following the idea of“prevention first and prevention&treatment combination”,preventing the errors of“pressure legislation”and“movement law enforcement”,as well as realizing the transition from“self-regulation”and“command-and-control regulation”to“co-regulation”,and trying to license number and duration of exclusive authorization model for necessary limit,maintaining the antitrust laws in appropriate time accurate intervention and supervision,and gradually introducing a restrictive competitive copyright management organization to partly replace existing authorization model,are good ways to resolve competition risks of digital music copyright exclusive authorization.

关 键 词：数字音乐版权 独家授权 竞争风险 著作权法 反垄断法 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]