春季不同水肥处理对小麦形态、生理和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Treatments on the Morphology, Physiology and Yield of Wheat in Spring

作　　者：董伟欣[1] 韩立杰[1] 张月辰[2] DONG Weixin;HAN Lijie;ZHANG Yuechen(Hebei Radio and TV University,Shijiazhuang 050080,China;College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北广播电视大学,河北石家庄050080 [2]河北农业大学农学院,河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第2期161-169,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目课题三(2018YFD0300503)。

摘　　要：为明确春季不同水肥处理对小麦形态、旗叶生理参数和产量的影响,以抗旱品种石农086为供试材料,按施氮水平(150,225,300,375 kg/hm^2)和灌溉次数(1水和2水)组合设置N1(1)、N2(1)、N3(1)、N4(1)、N1(2)、N2(2)、N3(2)和N4(2) 8个处理,以N0(不施氮不浇水)作为对照,研究不同水肥处理对小麦形态、旗叶生理参数和产量的差异。研究表明,株高、叶片数、叶面积、干物质积累和叶绿素含量随施氮量增加而逐渐升高,但1水和2水的规律性不明显,麦穗数在N2(2)处理下最多;绿叶质量和茎秆质量的各个处理均高于N0处理且2水大于1水,而麦穗质量在1水和2水条件下相差不大;可溶性蛋白含量在花后7,21 d变化相差不大,在花后35 d迅速降低,可溶性糖含量却呈现出随着生育进程的推进而逐渐升高的趋势,且2个指标总体呈现出N4>N3>N2>N1>N0的变化趋势;净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)随着生育进程的推进逐渐降低,且总体表现出N4>N3>N2>N1>N0的趋势,但1水和2水条件下的变化在不同的时期表现不一致;SOD和POD酶活性表现出相似的变化,但在2水条件下的酶活性更强;产量构成因素及产量在N2处理下较高且2水大于1水,施氮量>N2时,随着施氮量的增多,产量不再增加,反而呈现降低趋势。综上,本试验在春季灌2水条件下,225 kg/hm^2是兼顾高产和高效的最佳施氮量,可为生产提供实践参考。In order to make clear and determine the effect of different water and fertilizer treatments on wheat morphology, flag leaf physiological parameters and yield, the drought resistance variety Shinong 086 was used as the test material, N1(1),N2(1),N3(1),N4(1),N1(2),N2(2),N3(2) and N4(2) eight treatments were set according to the combination of nitrogen fertilizer application(150,225,300,375 kg/ha) and irrigation times(once,twice), and using N0(no fertilizer and no irrigation) as the control, the differences of morphology, flag leaf physiological parameters and yield of wheat treated with different water and fertilizer treatments were studied. The results showed that plant height, leaf number, leaf area, dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content increased gradually with the increase of nitrogen application, but the regularity of one water and two water was not obvious, the number of wheat panicles was the most under N2(2) treatment. The weight of green leaves and stems of each treatment were higher than that of N0 treatment and two water was higher than one water, but the weight of wheat ear had no significant difference under one water and two water condition. The content of soluble protein changed little at 7, 21 d after flowering and decreased rapidly at 35 d after flower, but soluble sugar content showed a tendency to increased gradually with the advance of the fertility process;the two indexes showed the trend of N4>N3>N2>N1>N0. The net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and stomatal conductivity(Gs) decreased gradually with the fertility process progresses and each treatment showed a trend of N4>N3>N2>N1>N0, furthermore, the variations of one water and two water were not consistent at different stages. The SOD and POD activities showed a similar change, but the enzyme activity was stronger under two water condition. The grain yield and its components were higher under N2 treatment and two water was more than one water;with the increasing of nitrogen application(>N2), the yield showed a decreasing trend. Comprehensi

关 键 词：小麦 不同水肥处理 植株形态 生理参数 产量 

分 类 号：S512.01[农业科学—作物学]