特晚熟蕉柑果实发育后期品质变化及与果园温湿度相关性分析  

Variation of fruit quality in late development stage of special late maturing Jiaogan and its correlation analysis with humiture

作　　者：梅正敏 张社南 贺申魁 区善汉 刘冰浩 唐燕玲 MEI Zheng-min;ZHANG She-nan;HE Shen-kui;OU Shan-han;LIU Bing-hao;TANG Yan-ling(Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西特色作物研究院/广西柑桔生物学重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第3期593-600,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西科技计划项目(桂科AB16380147);广西柑橘创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd-05-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索特晚熟蕉柑果实发育后期品质变化及其与果园温湿度的关系,为确定适宜采收期、制定栽培技术及示范推广提供依据。【方法】以桂林本地发掘的特晚熟蕉柑为材料,于2018年9月16日—2019年5月3日定期监测果园气温和空气相对湿度,同时每隔7~10 d采样测定果实可溶性固形物、总糖、蔗糖、可滴定酸和维生素C(Vc)的含量及果面色差。【结果】2018年秋—2019年春特晚熟蕉柑果实发育后期果园空气相对湿度较高,温差较小;特晚熟蕉柑整个发育后期果实可溶性固形物含量呈下降—上升—下降的总体上升趋势;蔗糖和总糖变化趋势总体上趋于一致,急剧上升之后下降又升至最大值后小幅度波动变化;可滴定酸含量总体上呈下降趋势;Vc含量先呈上升趋势,上升到最大值后呈波动变化,但后期整体呈下降趋势;固酸比和糖酸比的变化趋势总体上呈增加趋势,且前期缓慢增加后期迅速;果实成熟期果皮红绿色差指标a*、黄蓝色差指标b*和亮度L*均为正值,果实着色后果皮颜色为橙红至橙黄色。相关性分析表明,果实内在品质(除Vc含量外)各项指标均与空气日平均相对湿度呈极显著相关(P<0.01,下同),果实可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量与温差无显著相关性(P>0.05,下同),但与最高气温、最低气温呈极显著或显著相关(P<0.05,下同);果实蔗糖含量、总糖含量、Vc含量与最高气温、最低气温和日平均气温均呈极显著负相关;在着色后的成熟期果皮色泽仅与可溶性固形物含量呈显著相关,与气温和空气相对湿度无显著相关性。【结论】特晚熟蕉柑在2018—2019年由秋至春果实发育后期雨水较多、温差较小的气候条件下,4月初果实达鲜果采收标准,品质在4月中旬最佳,宜在4月初—4月中旬进行采收。【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis for determining the suitable harvest date,drawing up cultivation techniques and demonstration and promotion,the changes of fruit quality of special late maturing Jiaogan in Guilin climate were investigated and the correlation with temperature and humidity of orchard was carried out.【Method】The special late maturing Jiaogan found in Guilin was as material.From September 16,2018 to May 3,2019,the temperature and the relative humidity of the orchard were monitored regularly,soluble solid in fruit,total sugar,sucrose,titratable acid and vitamin C(Vc)contents and the color difference of fruit surface were measured every 7-10 d.【Result】From autumn 2018 to spring 2019,the air humidity of the orchard was high and the temperature difference was small in late development stage of special late maturing Jiaogan.The fruit soluble solids content of special late maturing Jiaogan decreased at first,then increased and then decreased during the whole late development stage,but in rising frend in general.The change trend of sucrose and total sugar was very consistent,which increased sharply,dropped then increased to the peak,and finally fluctuated slightly.The content of titratable acid decreased in general.The content of vitamin C showed an up-ward trend at first,and then fluctuated after reaching the maximum value,but showed a downward trend in the later period.The ratio of solid to acid and the ratio of sugar to acid showed an overall increasing trend,and increased slowly in the early stage and quickly in the late stage.The red and green color difference index a*value,yellow and blue color difference index b*value and brightness L*value were all positive values in the peel during fruit ripening period of special late maturing Jiaogan.After fruit coloring,the peel color was orange-red to orange-yellow.There was extremely significant correlation between the fruit internal quality indexes(except vitamin C)and the air average daily relative humidity(P<0.01,the same below).

关 键 词：特晚熟蕉柑 果实品质 变化规律 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]