2018年宁夏皮肤炭疽疫情特征与预防控制措施  

Characteristics and Prevention and Control Measures of Skin Anthrax in Ningxia in 2018

作　　者：龚瑞[1] 马岳[1] 孙伟[1] 李涛[1] 高洁[1] 马莹[1] GONG Rui;MA Yue;SUN Wei;LI Tao;GAO Jie;MA Ying(Ningxia Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏疾病预防控制中心,银川750004

出　　处：《宁夏医科大学学报》2020年第1期67-70,共4页Journal of Ningxia Medical University

基　　金：宁夏卫生健康系统科研课题(2019-NW-054)。

摘　　要：目的分析宁夏2018年皮肤炭疽疫情特征和高发原因,为炭疽防控和策略制定提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学的方法分析2018年发病特征,并收集现场调查处置资料,对相关问题进行探讨。结果2018年宁夏皮肤炭疽报告35例,死亡1例,发病率为0.52/10万,较2017年和近十年平均发病水平分别上升了400.00%和929.41%;发病时间集中在8月(占65.71%),病例分布在9个县区(占40.91%),职业以农民为主(占65.71%),25~49岁年龄组病例占74.29%;感染途径通过屠宰剥皮感染占60.00%,通过加工病死牛羊肉感染占20.00%,只有25.93%的疫情完全追缴了病畜并进行无害化处理。结论2018年宁夏皮肤炭疽病例报告增多,波及地区广,仍以散发为主;通过宰杀、剥食、养殖等方式直接或间接接触病死畜及肉是我区皮肤炭疽主要感染途径;PCR核酸检测方法可提高炭疽诊断能力;今后需加强炭疽病死畜和皮肉的无害化处理和屠宰工人的健康监管。Objective To analyze the characteristics and high incidence of skin anthrax in Ningxia in 2018,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of anthrax and strategy.Methods The epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the disease in 2018,and the on-site investigation and disposal data were collected to discuss related issues.Results In 2018,35 cases of skin anthrax were reported in Ningxia,and 1 case died.The incidence rate was 0.52/100,000,which was 400.00%and 929.41%higher than the average incidence in 2017 and the past 10 years.The incidence time was 65.71%in August.The cases were distributed in 9 counties(40.91%),the occupation was mainly farmers(65.71%),the cases in the 25-49 age group accounted for 74.29%,and the infection route accounted for 60.00%through slaughter and peeling infection.Mutton infection accounted for 20.00%,and only 25.93%of the epidemic completely recovered the diseased animals and carried out harmless treatment.Conclusion In 2018,the number of cases of skin anthrax in Ningxia increased,spreading to a wide area,still mainly distributed;direct or indirect contact with dead animals and meat through slaughter,stripping,breeding,etc.is the main infection route of skin anthrax in our district;PCR nucleic acid detection method incorporating the diagnostic criteria for anthrax in Ningxia can improve the diagnostic ability of anthrax;in the future,it is necessary to strengthen the harmless treatment of dead animals and flesh of anthrax and the health supervision of slaughter workers.

关 键 词：宁夏 炭疽 疫情特征 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]