马克思对黑格尔国家法哲学的批判及其理论效应——自由主义批判视域下的重理与检视  

Marx s Critique of Hegel s Philosophy of the State and Law and Its Theoretical Effects:A Review from the Critique on Liberalism

作　　者：邹诗鹏[1] Zou Shipeng

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院暨当代国外马克思主义研究中心

出　　处：《哲学研究》2020年第4期28-37,125,共11页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：晚近以来西方学界对黑格尔国家法哲学的自由主义定位,使得我们有理由重理和检视马克思有关黑格尔国家法哲学批判的理论效应。马克思对黑格尔国家法哲学的批判,展开为市民社会与国家主义的双重批判,进而确定了唯物史观及其社会政治理论的起点。对市民社会及其有限性的历史批判,使得无产阶级被抽象和规定为世界历史主体,而市民社会的质料方面,则被规定为历史生产的首要的和决定性的方面,由此建构起唯物史观。但是,自由主义视域下的黑格尔国家法哲学解读,则完全无视这一历史视界。马克思对国家主义的批判集中于揭露王权及其基督教国家的封建主义本质,并导向人民民主,由市民社会或资产阶级社会意义上的政治解放以及政治革命,转向社会解放与社会革命,由此,马克思的社会政治理论同无政府主义及其民粹主义区分开来。但是,对黑格尔国家法哲学的自由主义定位,依然只是将马克思的社会政治理论看成左翼激进主义,从而也不可能真正理解现代社会主义传统。The liberal positioning of Hegel s philosophy of the state and law in recent years gives us reason to rethink and examine the theoretical effects of Marx s critique of Hegel, which unfolds into a dual critique of civil society and statism. The historical critique of civil society and its limits leads to the abstraction of the proletariat as the subject of world history, while the materiality of civic society is prescribed as the primary aspect of historical production followed by historical materialism. Nevertheless, the interpretation of Hegel from the liberal perspective completely ignores this historical dimension. Marx s critique of statism focuses on exposing the feudalist nature of the monarchy and its Christian states, resulting in a shift from political emancipation to social emancipation in bourgeois society, thereby distinguishing Marx s socio-political theory from anarchism and populism. However, the liberal positioning of Hegel s philosophy of the state and law still treats Marx s socio-political theory as left-wing radicalism, making it impossible to truly understand modern socialism.

关 键 词：马克思 黑格尔国家法哲学批判 市民社会批判 自由主义 社会解放 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]