世界优秀空手道运动员专项体能特征研究  

Research on World Elite Karate Athletes Profile of Special Physical Ability

作　　者：张楠 刘卫军[2] ZHANG Nan;LIU Wei-jun(College of Physical Education,Cangzhou Normal University,Cangzhou 061000,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]沧州师范学院体育学院,河北沧州061000 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《体育科学研究》2020年第2期44-53,共10页Sports Science Research

基　　金：教育部社科基金青年项目(20YJC890042);北京体育大学校自主课题(2017XS011)。

摘　　要：研究采用文献法,分别从身体形态、生理机能及运动素质三个方面对世界优秀空手道运动员专项体能特征进行归纳,为我国空手道项目科学训练提供一定理论参考。结论如下:(1)世界优秀空手道运动员身体形态表现为体脂低、瘦体重大,体型以中胚型为主;相比型,组手运动员身高随着体重级别的增加更为明显。(2)空手道属于间歇性运动,高强度运动与间歇性休息交替进行。最大摄氧量和最大无氧功率是决定世界优秀空手道运动员竞技水平的关键因素;能量代谢以有氧氧化供能为主,其次为磷酸原和糖酵解供能。(3)低负荷条件下(≤30%1RM)的肌肉爆发力是影响世界优秀空手道运动员竞技水平的关键因素。另外,反应能力、柔韧性和灵敏性都是决定空手道运动员竞技水平的重要运动素质。The world elite karate athletes profile of special physical ability from three aspects of anthropometry,physiologic function and athletic quality was summarized by literature method.The purpose is to provide a theoretical reference for scientific training and athletic selection.The conclusions come as:(1)The world elite karate athletes are typified by lower body fat and larger lean body mass.Somatotype is mainly mesomorphs.Compared with kata,the height of kumite athletes increases more obviously with weight;(2)The karate is an intermittent high-intensity exercise.VO 2MAX and peak power play a major role in world elite karate performance.Aerobic oxidation is the main energy resource followed by phosphatogen system and glycolysis system.(3)Muscle explosive power under low load conditions(≤30%1RM)is vital factor for world elite karate athletes performance.In addition,reaction,flexibility and agility all determine competition performance of karate athletes.

关 键 词：空手道 身体形态 生理机能 运动素质 

分 类 号：G852.4[文化科学—民族体育] G804.49[文化科学—体育学]