施肥和夏季休牧对高原鼢鼠扰动区草地群落结构的影响  

Effects of Fertilizing and Seasonal Grazing on Structure of Grassland Community in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Disturbed by Zokor

作　　者：鲍根生[1,2] 王宏生 王玉琴[1,2] 宋梅玲 尹亚丽[1,2] BAO Gen-sheng(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai Uniersity,Xining 810016)

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810003

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2020年第2期14-21,共8页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

基　　金：青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室(2020-ZJ-Y03);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203041)。

摘　　要：高原鼢鼠挖掘和草食家畜啃食能加速草地退化和草地群落逆向演替的进程,而施肥和夏季休牧是实现高寒草地生产力提升和草地群落正向恢复的主要手段。然而,有关应用施肥和夏季休牧措施对高原鼢鼠扰动区草地群落结构影响的研究较少。基于此,本研究以高原鼢鼠活动频繁的退化草地为研究对象,分析施肥和夏季休牧对草地功能群生物量、植物多样性、高原鼢鼠相对种群数量的影响及植物多样性指数与高原鼢鼠种群数量的相关性。结果表明:施肥、夏季休牧和全年放牧区草地物种数量分别为23、19和16种,施肥和夏季休牧区禾本科植物的重要值高于全年放牧区;而全年放牧和夏季休牧区内莎草科、菊科、蔷薇科植物的重要值高于施肥区。施肥、夏季休牧区的高原鼢鼠相对种群密度显著高于全年放牧区(P<0.05)。同时,夏季休牧和施肥区的莎草科、禾本科和杂类草生物量显著高于全年放牧区(P<0.05)。另外,夏季休牧区和施肥区香农维纳指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数显著高于全年放牧区(P<0.05)。同时,高原鼢鼠相对种群密度与香农维纳多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数及优势指数呈显著的正相关,相关性大小表现为:均匀度指数>优势度指数>香农维纳指数>丰富度指数。由此可见,施肥和夏季休牧状态下,能促使草地植被向正向演替方向进行,从而间接地影响高原鼢鼠种群数量。The progress of grassland degeneration and community retrogressive succession are accelerated by the digging of plateau zokor and herbivore foraging,in contrast,fertilizing and seasonal grazing have opposite effects on the plant community in Qinghai-Tibet plateau.Nevertheless,few studies were focused on the effects of fertilizing and seasonal grazing on the structure of plant community region that disturbed by plateau zokor.Thus,a degraded grassland,which was disturbed frequently by zokor,was chosen to investigate the effects of fertilizing and seasonal grazing on the biomass of different functional group,plant diversity,relative amount of plateau zokor populations,and the correlation between plant diversity index and amount of plateau zokor was also estimated.Our results showed:the species richness were 23、19 and 16 in fertilizing,seasonal grazing and free grazing regions,respectively.The important values of Gramineae were higher in the fertilizing and seasonal grazing plots than that in the continuous grazing plot.In contrast,the importance values of Sedges,Composites and Rosaceaes were found to be higher in the continuous grazing treatment.In the other hand,the relative population density of plateau zokor in fertilizing and seasonal grazing plots were significantly higher than that in the continuous grazing plots(P<0.05),and fertilizing and seasonal grazing had higher biomass of Sedges,Gramineaes,and Forbs(P<0.05).In addition,the species diversity indexes in fertilizing and seasonal grazing plots were significant higher than free grazing plots(P<0.05),and relative density of plateau zokor had significantly positive correlation with species diversity index,evenness index and richness index.The level of correlation was:Evenness index>Simpson indexShannon-wiener index>Richness index.Consequently,in the condition of fertilizing and seasonal grazing,vegetation of grassland will develop forward,and the population number of plateau zokor will be affected indirectly.

关 键 词：高原鼢鼠 施肥 休牧 群落演替 植物多样性 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]