法益与社会危害性之关系辩证  

Dialectical Relationship between Social Harm and Legal Benefit

作　　者：王钢[1] Wang Gang(Law School,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2020年第4期37-46,156,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：北京市社科基金项目“人工智能时代的刑事归责理论研究”(18FXC025)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：法益概念与犯罪行为的社会危害性存在紧密的内在关联。实证主义的法益概念未能揭示犯罪的本质,不宜采纳。从前实定的法益概念出发,犯罪是危害社会的行为,故应基于行为的社会危害性对法益进行定义。将法益界定为社会利益、文化价值、道德秩序或宪法价值的见解以及我国传统的社会关系说均不能妥当阐释"社会危害"的内涵。根据社会系统理论,社会危害性是指社会系统的失效,而刑法的任务正是在于通过保护法益维持社会系统的存续。与此相应,法益应当是指社会共同生活的必要外在条件。社会危害性理论有助于实现法益概念的刑事政策机能,但无法替代法益概念的解释论机能。The concept of legal interest has a close internal relationship with the social harmfulness of criminal behavior.The concept of legalism of positivism fails to reveal the nature of crime and should not be adopted.Starting from the concept of legal interest,the crime is a behavior that harms society.Therefore,the legal benefit should be defined based on the social harmfulness of the behavior.The definition of legal interest as social interest,cultural value,moral order or constitutional value,as well as the traditional social relations theory of our country cannot properly explain the meaning of"social harm".According to the social system theory,social harm refers to the failure of the social system,and the task of criminal law is to maintain the survival of the social system through the protection of legal benefits.Correspondingly,legal benefits should refer to the necessary external conditions for the common life of the society.The theory of social harmfulness contributes to the realization of the criminal policy function of the concept of legal benefit,but it cannot replace the explanatory function of the concept of legal benefit.

关 键 词：社会危害性 法益 利益说 状态说 社会系统理论 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]