现代语言学理论与文学批评理论的交集  

The Intersection of Modern Linguistic Theory and Critical Literary Theory

作　　者：封宗信[1] Feng Zongxin(Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学外国语言文学系,100084

出　　处：《北京第二外国语学院学报》2020年第1期3-19,共17页Journal of Beijing International Studies University

摘　　要：二十世纪文学批评理论的核心是俄国形式主义、英美新批评的语言转向和索绪尔结构主义语言学理论及其催生的符号学对文学文化批评理论产生的范式性影响。本文从四个方面探讨现代语言学理论与文学批评理论的交集:(1)语言学理论对文学和文学批评理论的介入;(2)作为文学批评理论家的语言学家;(3)作为语言学家的文学批评理论家;(4)作为“批评理论”的普通语言学理论。最后指出,完整的语言学理论包括对文学的思考,完整的文学批评理论也离不开对语言的哲学思考;文学批评的多次转向都与语言学的范式转向有关,困扰文学批评理论的许多问题(如文学理论、文学研究、文艺理论、文论、批评理论、理论/元理论、批评/元批评等)都可以从现代语言学视角得到解释和澄清。Since the beginning of the twentieth century,the central theme of modern critical literary theory has developed along two important lines:the separate practices of the Russian Formalists and Anglo-American New Critics who turned their attention from the content to the form of literary works,and the paradigmatic influences of Ferdinand de Saussure’s structuralist linguistics—which resulted in semiology/semiotics—on literary and cultural studies.In view of the overlapping interests of modern linguists and literary scholars,and the mutual permeation of linguistic and literary theories,this paper focuses on the intersection of these two fields in the following aspects:(1)the linguistic engagement with literary works and critical literary studies;(2)linguists as critical thinkers,literary critics and theorists;(3)literary critics and theorists as critical semioticians and linguists;and(4)general linguistic theory as“critical theory”or simply“theory”interested in the modalities of production and reception of meaning rather than the meaning or value of texts,both literary and non-literary.It concludes that a comprehensive linguistic theory must include reflections on literature,and an integrated critical literary theory should incorporate linguistic-philosophical reflections on language.Indeed,many shifts in literary studies are related to paradigmatic turns in linguistics,and a series of issues that perplex the study of literature(the theory of literature,literary study/studies,literary theory,critical theory,theory/meta-theory,and criticism/meta-criticism,etc.)can be elaborated from a modern linguistics perspective.

关 键 词：语言学理论 结构主义 符号学 文学理论 批评理论 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]