基于人工关节假体设计的掌指关节解剖学及形态学研究  

Study on anatomy and morphology of metacarpophalangeal joint for design of artificial joint prosthesis

作　　者：姚玲 李川 李军 徐永清 郭孝菊 Yao Ling;Li Chuan;Li Jun;Xu Yongqing;Guo Xiaoju(Graduate School of Kunming Medical University,Kunming,Yunnan,650500,China;Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Hospital 920,Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA,Kunming,Yunnan,650100,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学研究生院,昆明650500 [2]解放军920医院骨外科

出　　处：《西南国防医药》2020年第4期297-300,共4页Medical Journal of National Defending Forces in Southwest China

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目重大科技专项(2018ZF008)。

摘　　要：目的通过解剖观测掌指关节结构以及掌指关节关节面形态,测量掌骨及近节指骨髓腔数据,为人工掌指关节假体的形态和尺寸设计提供解剖学依据。方法 13只成人新鲜冰冻手标本,解剖各标本保留掌指关节及其周围结构,测量掌指关节、掌骨以及近节指骨髓腔的相关数据。应用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果各掌指关节面大小不一,各掌骨头矢状径排列为(2)>(3)>(4)>(1)>(5);各掌骨头冠状径排列为(1)>(2)>(3)>(4)>(5);各近节指骨基底矢状径排列为(3)>(2)>(1)>(4)>(5);各近节指骨基底冠状径排列为(1)>(2)>(3>(4)>(5)差异显著(P <0.05)。结论人工关节假体的设计应符合解剖学特点,尤其拇指掌骨侧假体更需区别对待;近节指骨基底形状无明显区别,可采用形状相同型号不一的模型进行关节设计。Objective To provide anatomical basis for the shape and size design of prosthesis of the artificial metacarpophalangeal joint by dissecting and observing the structure of metacarpophalangeal joint and the shape of articular surface of metacarpophalangeal joint, and measuring the data of bone marrow cavity of metacarpal and the proximal phalange. Methods A total of 13 fresh-frozen adult hand specimens were dissected, with the metacarpophalangeal joints and peripheral structures kept for each specimen. The data relevant to metacarpophalangeal joints and bone marrow cavity of metacarpal and the proximal phalange were measured and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results The surfaces of each metacarpophalangeal joints had different sizes. The sagittal diameter and coronal diameter of each metacarpal head were sequenced as(2)>(3)>(4)>(1)>(5) and(1)>(2)>(3)>(4)>(5), respectively;the sagittal diameter and coronal diameter of the base of proximal phalange was sequenced as(3)>(2)>(1)>(4)>(5) and(1)>(2)>(3>(4)>(5), respectively;the difference in each group showed statistical significance(P < 0.05). Conclusion The design of artificial joint prosthesis should be in line with the anatomical characteristics. Especially, the prosthesis of thumb metacarpal should be treated differently. There is no obvious difference in the shape of base of proximal phalanges, thus models with the same shape and different sizes can be used for the joint design.

关 键 词：掌指关节 解剖 数据测量 人工关节 

分 类 号：R322.34[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]