交往异化:《骗子的化装表演》对资本主义的批判  

Alienation of Community:Melville’s Critique of Capitalism in The Confidence-Man

作　　者：冯立红 FENG Li-hong(School of English and International Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学英语学院,北京100089

出　　处：《大连大学学报》2020年第1期87-93,121,共8页Journal of Dalian University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2019JX049)。

摘　　要：赫尔曼·麦尔维尔生前出版的最后一部小说《骗子的化装表演》延续了前几部作品中对资本主义造成的异化的讨论,但是其不同之处在于对交往异化问题的关注。小说中,"信仰号"汽船是19世纪中期美国社会的缩影,乘客的流动实则代表着社会中人与人的交往。本文以马克思提出的交往异化概念为依托,旨在分析小说中麦尔维尔对19世纪中期美国资本主义社会的呈现与思考。文章认为,小说揭示了美国社会的交往异化问题,即人际关系异化为物品的交换、金钱异化为主宰人的"上帝"、道德异化为信贷和投机的工具,进而体现了麦尔维尔对资本主义的质疑态度。The Confidence-Man shows Herman Melville’s continuing concern over the problem of alienation in the course of U.S.capitalism,yet the novel is distinguished from the author’s previous writings by its exposure of community alienation.Fidèle,as a microcosm of the mid-19th century U.S.society,witnesses multiple interactions and transactions between passengers and,by implication,between people in the whole society.Drawing upon Karl Marx’s notion of alienation of community,this paper examines Melville’s representation of and ruminations over U.S.capitalism.It argues that The Confidence-Man unveils the problem of community alienation faced by the mid-19th century U.S.society.Specifically,it demonstrates that Melville,by disclosing the estrangement of human relationship,the upgrade of money from being created to mastership as well as the distortion of morality in the credit and speculation system,shatters the myth of capitalism.

关 键 词：赫尔曼·麦尔维尔 《骗子的化装表演》 交往异化 资本主义 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]